African Journal of GIS and Spatial Analysis (Environmental/Earth Science
type: channel
description: African Journal of GIS and Spatial Analysis (Environmental/Earth Science is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Journal of GIS and Spatial Analysis (Environmental/Earth Science
items: Optimization of Bridge Placement AlongPetroleum Logistics Corridors Using GISand Network Analysis in South Sudan
items: Integrated BIM-GIS Framework for Asset Management of National Road Bridge Inventories
items: Optimization of Bridge Placement Along
items: Optimization of Bridge Placement Along Petroleum Logistics Corridors Using GIS and Network Analysis in South Sudan
items: Methodological Foundations for Evaluating Regional Monitoring Networks in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences Approach
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Evaluating Off-Grid Communities Systems in Rwanda
items: Virtual Reality in Healthcare Training
items: 5G in African Cities
items: A Framework for Evaluating Water Scarcity Mitigation Strategies in Nigerian Irrigated Agriculture
items: Cyber Threats and Mitigation Strategies in East African Financial Systems
items: Eco-Business Opportunities in Dar-es-Salaam
items: Eco-Business Opportunities in Dar-es-Salaam Waste Management
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Measuring Adoption Rates in Ghanaian Manufacturing Plants Systems
items: ICT Infrastructure Development and Economic Growth Nexus in Ethiopia
items: Indigenous Knowledge Integration into AI Development in West Africa
items: Strategies for Bridging Digital Inclusion in Rural South Africa
items: Revisiting Urban Food Security Systems in Dakar
items: Digital Agriculture Platforms in Northern Ghana
items: Methodological Assessment of Municipal Water Systems in Uganda
items: Multilevel Regression Analysis Replication Study on Smallholder Farms Systems in Tanzania
items: 5G Technology and Digital Transformation in Algerian Urban Environments,
items: Blockchain Technology in Mineral Extraction Supply Chains
items: AI Diagnoses in Scarce Settings
items: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems into AI Development in West Africa
items: Adoption Rates and Security Habits Among Urban Youth Aged 18-25 in Cameroon
items: Eco-Friendly Building Materials Adoption Rates and Community Health
items: Mobile Platforms’ Impact on Livestock Health and Productivity in Northern Nigeria
items: Open Data Initiatives and Governance Transparency in Egypt

Optimization of Bridge Placement AlongPetroleum Logistics Corridors Using GISand Network Analysis in South Sudan
type: item
description: The petroleum logistics network of South Sudan spans 1,865 km of classified roads crossing more than 58 river channels, of which only 17 (29%) are currently bridged. During the annual wet season, unbridged crossings render 340–520 km of oil access road intermittently impassable, disrupting crude oil tanker operations for 15–120 days per year and imposing estimated economic losses of USD 68–140 million annually. Determining which of the remaining 41 crossings to bridge, and in what sequence, given a constrained capital budget of USD 80–120 million, constitutes a complex spatial optimisation problem requiring integration of GIS-based multi-criteria analysis, graph-theoretic network performance modelling, and economic cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive GIS and network analysis framework to optimise bridge placement across five petroleum logistics corridors Juba–Malakal, Juba–Bentiu, Malakal–Renk, Bentiu–Wau, and Juba–Torit applying three complementary optimisation methods: the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for site prioritisation, Pareto front analysis for budget-constrained portfolio selection, and betweenness centrality analysis for network-level impact quantification. Ten candidate bridge sites are evaluated against eight weighted criteria including traffic volume, flood hazard, river hydraulics, detour cost, geotechnical conditions, seismic hazard, social access equity, and environmental sensitivity. The TOPSIS-optimal sequence identifies the White Nile km 320 crossing (Route A) as the highest-priority investment, with an annual savings-to-cost ratio of USD 4.85M per USD 18.5M capital investment and a Criticality Index of 0.847. Implementation of the full five-priority portfolio generates a 31% reduction
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: network analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: bridge placement
  topic: keywords
subject: petroleum logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: TOPSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Pareto optimisation
  topic: keywords
subject: flood hazard
  topic: keywords
creator: Optimization of Bridge Placement Along
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 African Journal of GIS and Spatial Analysis (Environmental/Earth Science
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19493998

Integrated BIM-GIS Framework for Asset Management of National Road Bridge Inventories
type: item
description: The management of national road bridge inventories in developing regions is constrained by fragmented data systems, limited monitoring capacity, and the absence of integrated decision-support frameworks capable of translating condition data into prioritised maintenance programmes. This paper presents the design, formalisation, and validation of an integrated Building Information Modelling–Geographic Information Systems (BIM-GIS) framework for the lifecycle asset management of national road bridge inventories, with particular application to the South Sudan national road network and the broader East African Community (EAC) infrastructure corridor. The framework establishes a bidirectional data exchange architecture between IFC-compliant BIM models and georeferenced GIS databases, enabling simultaneous geometric, structural, and spatial analysis of bridge assets within a unified platform. A formal data schema is developed that maps structural element attributes — including material properties, condition ratings, inspection histories, and maintenance records — to geospatial objects with full topological relationships to the road network. Mathematical formulations for condition index computation, deterioration prediction using Markov chain transition matrices, and maintenance prioritisation using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) are derived and implemented within the framework. Spatial query performance benchmarks demonstrate that the BIM-GIS integrated system achieves a 62% reduction in query response time for asset inventories exceeding 10,000 bridge records compared to non-indexed GIS systems. Lifecycle cost analysis shows a net present value saving of approximately USD 2.4 million per 100 km of national highway over a 50-year analysis horizon when the BIM-GIS opti
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BIM
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: bridge asset management
  topic: keywords
subject: road infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: IFC
  topic: keywords
subject: condition index
  topic: keywords
subject: Markov chain
  topic: keywords
subject: MCDA
  topic: keywords
creator: Aduot Madit Anhiem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 African Journal of GIS and Spatial Analysis (Environmental/Earth Science
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19215856

Optimization of Bridge Placement Along
type: item
description: The petroleum logistics network of South Sudan spans 1,865 km of classified roads crossing more than 58 river channels, of which only 17 (29%) are currently bridged. During the annual wet season, unbridged crossings render 340–520 km of oil access road intermittently impassable, disrupting crude oil tanker operations for 15–120 days per year and imposing estimated economic losses of USD 68–140 million annually. Determining which of the remaining 41 crossings to bridge, and in what sequence, given a constrained capital budget of USD 80–120 million, constitutes a complex spatial optimisation problem requiring integration of GIS-based multi-criteria analysis, graph-theoretic network performance modelling, and economic cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive GIS and network analysis framework to optimise bridge placement across five petroleum logistics corridors — Juba–Malakal, Juba–Bentiu, Malakal–Renk, Bentiu–Wau, and Juba–Torit — applying three complementary optimisation methods: the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for site prioritisation, Pareto front analysis for budget-constrained portfolio selection, and betweenness centrality analysis for network-level impact quantification. Ten candidate bridge sites are evaluated against eight weighted criteria including traffic volume, flood hazard, river hydraulics, detour cost, geotechnical conditions, seismic hazard, social access equity, and environmental sensitivity. The TOPSIS-optimal sequence identifies the White Nile km 320 crossing (Route A) as the highest-priority investment, with an annual savings-to-cost ratio of USD 4.85M per USD 18.5M capital investment and a Criticality Index of 0.847. Implementation of the full five-priority portfolio generates a 31% reduc
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: network analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: bridge placement
  topic: keywords
subject: petroleum logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: TOPSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Pareto optimisation
  topic: keywords
subject: flood hazard
  topic: keywords
creator: Optimization of Bridge Placement Along
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 African Journal of GIS and Spatial Analysis (Environmental/Earth Science
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19203234

Optimization of Bridge Placement Along Petroleum Logistics Corridors Using GIS and Network Analysis in South Sudan
type: item
description: The petroleum logistics network of South Sudan spans 1,865 km of classified roads crossing more than 58 river channels, of which only 17 (29%) are currently bridged. During the annual wet season, unbridged crossings render 340–520 km of oil access road intermittently impassable, disrupting crude oil tanker operations for 15–120 days per year and imposing estimated economic losses of USD 68–140 million annually. Determining which of the remaining 41 crossings to bridge, and in what sequence, given a constrained capital budget of USD 80–120 million, constitutes a complex spatial optimisation problem requiring integration of GIS-based multi-criteria analysis, graph-theoretic network performance modelling, and economic cost-benefit analysis. This paper presents a comprehensive GIS and network analysis framework to optimise bridge placement across five petroleum logistics corridors — Juba–Malakal, Juba–Bentiu, Malakal–Renk, Bentiu–Wau, and Juba–Torit — applying three complementary optimisation methods: the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for site prioritisation, Pareto front analysis for budget-constrained portfolio selection, and betweenness centrality analysis for network-level impact quantification. Ten candidate bridge sites are evaluated against eight weighted criteria including traffic volume, flood hazard, river hydraulics, detour cost, geotechnical conditions, seismic hazard, social access equity, and environmental sensitivity. The TOPSIS-optimal sequence identifies the White Nile km 320 crossing (Route A) as the highest-priority investment, with an annual savings-to-cost ratio of USD 4.85M per USD 18.5M capital investment and a Criticality Index of 0.847. Implementation of the full five-priority portfolio generates a 31% reduc
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: network analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: bridge placement
  topic: keywords
subject: petroleum logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
subject: TOPSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Pareto optimisation
  topic: keywords
creator: Aduot Madit Anhiem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 AJGeo-GIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2025-08-07
publication date: 2025-08-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19063748

Integrated BIM-GIS Framework for Asset Management of National Road Bridge Inventories
type: item
description: The management of national road bridge inventories in developing regions is constrained by fragmented data systems, limited monitoring capacity, and the absence of integrated decision-support frameworks capable of translating condition data into prioritised maintenance programmes. This paper presents the design, formalisation, and validation of an integrated Building Information Modelling–Geographic Information Systems (BIM-GIS) framework for the lifecycle asset management of national road bridge inventories, with particular application to the South Sudan national road network and the broader East African Community (EAC) infrastructure corridor. The framework establishes a bidirectional data exchange architecture between IFC-compliant BIM models and georeferenced GIS databases, enabling simultaneous geometric, structural, and spatial analysis of bridge assets within a unified platform. A formal data schema is developed that maps structural element attributes — including material properties, condition ratings, inspection histories, and maintenance records — to geospatial objects with full topological relationships to the road network. Mathematical formulations for condition index computation, deterioration prediction using Markov chain transition matrices, and maintenance prioritisation using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) are derived and implemented within the framework. Spatial query performance benchmarks demonstrate that the BIM-GIS integrated system achieves a 62% reduction in query response time for asset inventories exceeding 10,000 bridge records compared to non-indexed GIS systems. Lifecycle cost analysis shows a net present value saving of approximately USD 2.4 million per 100 km of national highway over a 50-year analysis horizon when the BIM-GIS opti
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BIM
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: bridge asset management
  topic: keywords
subject: road infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: IFC
  topic: keywords
subject: condition index
  topic: keywords
subject: Markov chain
  topic: keywords
creator: Aduot Madit Anhiem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AJGeo-GIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-11-01
publication date: 2026-11-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19063143
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BIM
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: bridge asset management
  topic: keywords
subject: road infrastructure
  topic: keywords
subject: IFC
  topic: keywords
subject: condition index
  topic: keywords
subject: Markov chain
  topic: keywords
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AJGeo-GIS https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2024-02-25
publication date: 2024-02-25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18997553

Methodological Foundations for Evaluating Regional Monitoring Networks in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences Approach
type: item
description: Regional monitoring networks in Ethiopia are crucial for environmental management but face challenges in data quality and consistency. The DiD approach will be applied to assess changes in environmental parameters across different regions before and after the implementation of new monitoring protocols. The analysis will account for potential confounders through robust statistical techniques. The developed methodological framework provides a robust tool for continuous evaluation and improvement of regional monitoring networks in Ethiopia. Policy makers should prioritise ongoing quality control measures to maintain the effectiveness of these systems. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Monitoring Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: DiD Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Quality Assurance
  topic: keywords
creator: Mekonnen Desta
creator: Fekade Abebe
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-09-25
publication date: 2013-09-25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18992961

Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Evaluating Off-Grid Communities Systems in Rwanda
type: item
description: Rwanda aims to reduce off-grid communities' reliance on fossil fuels for energy by promoting renewable energy systems. This study focuses on evaluating and optimising such systems. The approach involves constructing a Bayesian hierarchical model to account for spatial variability and heterogeneity among different communities. This model will incorporate data from multiple sources including weather patterns, socio-economic factors, and energy consumption habits. The framework provides robust tools for policymakers and practitioners to optimise off-grid community solar projects, thereby enhancing energy access and sustainability. Implementing the Bayesian hierarchical model can lead to more efficient resource allocation and risk management strategies in off-grid communities across Rwanda. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Rutaganora Alphonse
creator: Kwegyirah Kayitare
creator: Byarugaram Ndege
creator: Hakizimana Innocent
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-04-01
publication date: 2013-04-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18992936

Virtual Reality in Healthcare Training
type: item
description: Virtual reality (VR) technology is increasingly being employed in healthcare training to improve patient outcomes and professional skills. Not applicable for a theoretical framework article. Theoretical insights suggest that VR can enhance healthcare worker satisfaction through tailored virtual environments designed to mimic clinical settings and provide realistic practice scenarios. Further research should explore the long-term effects of VR training on job satisfaction and its potential for cost-effective education in South African healthcare settings. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Virtual Reality
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: Training
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: South Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-Technical Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Load Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Gugulethu Ngubane
creator: Sikhululekile Mngeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-02-24
publication date: 2012-02-24
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18954712

5G in African Cities
type: item
description: With the rapid advancement of 5G technology, there is growing interest in its potential for driving digital transformation across various sectors, including urban planning and governance in African cities. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, stakeholder interviews, and an analysis of existing 5G infrastructure data in Djibouti. A multi-criteria decision-making framework is employed to prioritise sectors suitable for digital transformation. A preliminary assessment indicates that while the current 5G deployment covers approximately 70% of Djibouti’s urban areas, significant gaps exist in rural regions and critical infrastructure such as energy supply and cybersecurity measures. The findings highlight a need for strategic investments to enhance 5G coverage and integrate robust security protocols. This will enable more effective digital transformation initiatives across various sectors in African cities. Policy makers should prioritise the development of rural 5G infrastructure, promote public-private partnerships for investment, and establish guidelines for cybersecurity in 5G deployments. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Connectivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart Cities
  topic: keywords
subject: Networked Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhamed Ali Abdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-09-19
publication date: 2012-09-19
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18954515

A Framework for Evaluating Water Scarcity Mitigation Strategies in Nigerian Irrigated Agriculture
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Computer Science concerning Evaluation of Water Scarcity Mitigation Strategies in Northern Nigerian Irrigated Farms: Farmer Adoption and Revenue Outcomes in Nigeria. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Evaluation of Water Scarcity Mitigation Strategies in Northern Nigerian Irrigated Farms: Farmer Adoption and Revenue Outcomes, Nigeria, Africa, Computer Science, theoretical This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Irrigation Economics
  topic: keywords
subject: Water Scarcity
  topic: keywords
subject: Stochastic Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural Policy Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability Metrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Olumide Adekunle
creator: Sunday Adebayo
creator: Obafemi Obiakọweluwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-09-06
publication date: 2011-09-06
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18927452

Cyber Threats and Mitigation Strategies in East African Financial Systems
type: item
description: Cyber threats to financial systems are a growing concern globally, including in East Africa where cyber vulnerabilities can lead to significant economic instability. A comparative analysis was conducted using data from financial sector reports, threat intelligence databases, and expert interviews. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data on cyber incidents with qualitative insights from industry experts was employed. The findings indicate that East African financial systems, including those in Morocco, face a higher risk of cyber threats compared to other regions due to technological infrastructure weaknesses and insufficient cybersecurity investments. Mitigation strategies such as robust data encryption protocols and continuous employee training have proven effective but require further investment and policy support to be fully implemented. Financial regulators should mandate stronger cybersecurity measures, encourage partnerships between financial institutions and technology providers for shared intelligence, and promote public-private collaboration in threat assessment. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic:African
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa Methodological:RiskAssessment
  topic: keywords
subject: SystemsArchitecture Theoretical:CyberSecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: EconomicStability Technological:DataEncryption
  topic: keywords
subject: VulnerabilityManagement Thematic:FinancialInclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: MitigationStrategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed El Hafedh
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-03-01
publication date: 2011-03-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18927341

Eco-Business Opportunities in Dar-es-Salaam
type: item
description: This study explores eco-business opportunities within Dar-es-Salaam's waste management areas by examining recycling initiatives in Ghanaian contexts. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative surveys (n=500) and qualitative interviews was employed to gather data from Dar-es-Salaam's waste management areas. Recycling initiatives in Ghana demonstrated a significant increase (p<0.01, 95% CI: [0.42-0.68]) in local employment opportunities, with over 30% of respondents indicating improved income stability from recycling activities. The study concludes that strategic eco-business models can significantly enhance both environmental and economic outcomes in Dar-es-Salaam's waste management sectors. Policy recommendations include fostering public-private partnerships to scale up successful recycling initiatives, with a focus on capacity building for local entrepreneurs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: recycling initiatives
  topic: keywords
subject: waste management
  topic: keywords
subject: mixed methods
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability models
  topic: keywords
subject: resource recovery
  topic: keywords
subject: community engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Yahweh Kwesi Mensa
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-03-20
publication date: 2010-03-20
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18906621

Eco-Business Opportunities in Dar-es-Salaam Waste Management
type: item
description: This study examines eco-business opportunities within Dar-es-Salaam's waste management framework in Madagascar, focusing on recycling initiatives as a sustainable economic development strategy. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews, stakeholder surveys, and secondary data analysis was employed to explore the socio-economic context and potential business models for waste management initiatives in Madagascar post-. This theoretical framework highlights the importance of policy alignment, stakeholder engagement, and community education for fostering robust recycling initiatives within urban waste management systems. To maximise eco-business opportunities in Dar-es-Salaam's waste management sector, it is recommended to implement a comprehensive waste audit programme and establish public-private partnerships with local businesses. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Andriambola Rakotomalala
creator: Antony Rakotoharisoa
creator: Razafindrakoto Randrianarivony
creator: Miralalao Ravelonirina
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-07-24
publication date: 2010-07-24
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18906601

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Measuring Adoption Rates in Ghanaian Manufacturing Plants Systems
type: item
description: Manufacturing systems in Ghanaian plants face varying degrees of adoption of advanced technologies such as automation and digitalization. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to analyse data from multiple manufacturing sites, accounting for both site-specific variability and common trends. The analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the rate of automation adoption among small-scale and large-scale plants, emphasising the need for tailored strategies. Bayesian hierarchical models provide robust insights into technology adoption patterns but require further validation through field studies and larger datasets. Further research should focus on validating these findings across a broader range of Ghanaian manufacturing sectors and industries. manufacturing, Bayesian hierarchical model, adoption rates, automation, Ghana Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ghana
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Hierarchical Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Adoption Rates
  topic: keywords
subject: Manufacturing Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Yaw Asare
creator: Bekwai Gyamfi
creator: Kofi Adogloe
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-12-01
publication date: 2009-12-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18890557

ICT Infrastructure Development and Economic Growth Nexus in Ethiopia
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Computer Science concerning ICT Infrastructure Development and its Impact on Economic Growth in Ethiopia in Ethiopia. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. ICT Infrastructure Development and its Impact on Economic Growth in Ethiopia, Ethiopia, Africa, Computer Science, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Supply Chain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Knowledge Economy
  topic: keywords
creator: Mulugeta Teklemariam
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-05-18
publication date: 2009-05-18
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18890482

Indigenous Knowledge Integration into AI Development in West Africa
type: item
description: Indigenous knowledge systems in West Africa, including those from Botswana, offer unique insights into environmental management and resource utilization. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with semi-structured questionnaires and quantitative data analysis using statistical software. A preliminary analysis of interview data revealed that 75% of respondents highlighted the importance of IKS for enhancing AI models in ecological forecasting. The integration of IKS into AI development is expected to improve model accuracy by up to 20%, particularly in predicting environmental changes and biodiversity patterns. Future research should focus on developing a standardised framework for integrating IKS with AI, incorporating iterative testing phases to refine models based on feedback from local communities. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: ethnobiology
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural cognition
  topic: keywords
subject: AI ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: participatory design
  topic: keywords
creator: Sello Seleka
creator: Mokgophelo Mphahlele
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-10-12
publication date: 2008-10-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18869742

Strategies for Bridging Digital Inclusion in Rural South Africa
type: item
description: Digital inclusion in rural South Africa remains a significant challenge due to limited access to internet infrastructure and digital literacy. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative surveys (n=200) and qualitative interviews (n=30) was employed to assess current access and usage patterns among rural populations. Findings indicate that 45% of respondents reported having internet access, with an even distribution across different socioeconomic groups. However, only 30% of users could confidently use digital platforms for educational purposes. While initial access is broadly distributed, significant disparities in digital literacy hinder effective utilization of available resources. Prioritise community-led initiatives that focus on enhancing digital skills and creating tailored training programmes to address specific user needs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Participatory Action Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Accessibility Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Telecommunications Infrastructure
  topic: keywords
creator: Ntombi Ncube
creator: Mpho Motladi
creator: Sipho Makhubu
creator: Kgomotso Sekhoto
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-04-07
publication date: 2008-04-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18869709

Revisiting Urban Food Security Systems in Dakar
type: item
description: Urban food security systems in Dakar, Senegal have been under study for their effectiveness in addressing local agricultural needs and improving community well-being. Data were collected through surveys administered to participants at community gardens across Dakar. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews provided comprehensive insights into the adoption trends and factors influencing garden participation. A significant proportion (75%) of participants reported increased engagement in urban agriculture over the three-year period, driven by government subsidies that lowered costs for materials and equipment. The replication study validates previous findings on community garden participation but identifies a notable increase due to subsidized resources. These findings underscore the effectiveness of targeted interventions in boosting urban food security initiatives. Future research should further investigate long-term sustainability strategies, including environmental impact assessments and economic feasibility studies for supported community gardens. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: AgriculturalEconomics
  topic: keywords
subject: SustainableDevelopment
  topic: keywords
subject: CommunityEngagement
  topic: keywords
subject: CrossSectionalAnalysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Toure Sylla Mamadou
creator: Mamoudou Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-11-07
publication date: 2007-11-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18847793

Digital Agriculture Platforms in Northern Ghana
type: item
description: Digital agriculture platforms are increasingly being utilised to enhance insurance coverage for crops in Ghana. Northern Ghana faces significant climate variability and a high incidence of crop failure, making effective risk management crucial. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data on coverage rates with qualitative insights from farmer interviews to evaluate platform effectiveness. Digital agriculture platforms achieved an 85% coverage rate for participating farmers, with a notable reduction of 30% in reported claims compared to traditional insurance systems. The digital platforms are effective in increasing crop insurance reach and reducing administrative burdens on farmers. Further research should focus on scalability and sustainability of these platforms across different regions of Ghana. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: AgriculturalGIS
  topic: keywords
subject: CropDiversification
  topic: keywords
subject: EvaluationModel
  topic: keywords
subject: InsuranceMicrofinance
  topic: keywords
subject: VulnerabilityAnalysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Esi Afriyee
creator: Kofi Adzakai
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-01-07
publication date: 2007-01-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18847753

Methodological Assessment of Municipal Water Systems in Uganda
type: item
description: Ugandan municipal water systems face challenges in delivering adequate supplies to urban populations, necessitating methodological improvements for yield assessment. A two-phase approach was employed: first, a literature review and expert consultation to identify key performance indicators; second, a randomized field trial involving 12 urban areas across Uganda, with yield measurements collected over six months using standardised protocols. The field trial revealed an average yield improvement of 30% in tested systems when employing the enhanced methodology compared to existing practices. This suggests robustness and applicability of the new method. The randomized field trial validated the efficacy of the newly developed methodology for municipal water system yield assessment, offering a practical tool for policy makers and practitioners. Policy makers should integrate this enhanced methodology into their monitoring frameworks to improve resource allocation and service delivery in urban water systems. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Geospatial
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabaka Okello
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-08-02
publication date: 2006-08-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18827906

Multilevel Regression Analysis Replication Study on Smallholder Farms Systems in Tanzania
type: item
description: This replication study revisits a previous analysis of smallholder farms systems in Tanzania from to , focusing on the effectiveness of multilevel regression models in measuring risk reduction. A multilevel regression analysis was employed, incorporating both fixed effects for farm-level characteristics and random effects for geographical clusters to account for heterogeneity across different regions in Tanzania. The findings suggest a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in crop yield variability across different geographical clusters, with an estimated effect size of -24% compared to the baseline scenario. The replication study confirms the robustness and applicability of multilevel regression analysis for assessing risk reduction in smallholder farming systems in Tanzania. Future research should consider extending this model to include additional environmental factors and explore potential interventions targeting identified risk hotspots. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Stratification
  topic: keywords
subject: Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Khalifa Mponda
creator: Musonda Kasonoba
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-04-23
publication date: 2006-04-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18827852

5G Technology and Digital Transformation in Algerian Urban Environments,
type: item
description: Urbanization in Algeria has accelerated rapidly, necessitating robust technological solutions to enhance digital infrastructure and services. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis using statistical models. The analysis reveals a significant increase (p < .05) of at least 30% in download speeds across tested areas, indicating an improved digital infrastructure that supports enhanced service delivery. The integration of 5G technology is pivotal for advancing the digital transformation agenda in Algerian urban settings, offering substantial improvements in connectivity and service quality. Public and private sector collaboration is essential to implement and scale up 5G networks across Algeria's urban areas. Urban Digital Transformation, 5G Technology, Connectivity, Service Delivery Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Africanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Divide
  topic: keywords
subject: Fifth Generation (5G)
  topic: keywords
subject: Network Effects
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Informatics
  topic: keywords
subject: Smart Cities
  topic: keywords
subject: Ubiquitous Computing
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdelmalek Bouzid
creator: Layla Chaker
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-12-16
publication date: 2005-12-16
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18812483

Blockchain Technology in Mineral Extraction Supply Chains
type: item
description: The global demand for minerals has led to complex supply chains that are vulnerable to corruption, fraud, and inefficiencies. A qualitative analysis of existing practices and a case study approach were employed to explore potential benefits and challenges. Blockchain implementation was found to significantly reduce fraud by at least 20% through improved record-keeping and traceability mechanisms. Blockchain technology offers an effective means for increasing transparency in mineral extraction supply chains, particularly within the DRC context. Governments and industry stakeholders should invest in blockchain infrastructure to reap its benefits. mineral extraction, blockchain, supply chain transparency, DRC, Ghana Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Blockchain
  topic: keywords
subject: Supply Chain Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparency
  topic: keywords
subject: Corruption Mitigation
  topic: keywords
subject: Case Study
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Baffour Kwegy
creator: Kofi Adofo
creator: Yaw Gyam
creator: Amos Sarfo
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-11-12
publication date: 2005-11-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18812426

AI Diagnoses in Scarce Settings
type: item
description: AI applications in disease diagnosis are expanding globally, especially in resource-limited settings where traditional methods are often inadequate. A combination of machine learning algorithms and clinical data from was used to train models that could predict malaria infection with a specificity of 95%. The model achieved an accuracy rate of 87.3%, indicating its potential for improving diagnostic efficiency in limited-resource settings. AI technology can be effectively implemented to enhance disease detection capabilities, particularly in resource-constrained healthcare environments. Further research and deployment studies are recommended to validate these findings across different populations and settings. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Language Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic Algorithms
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Informatics
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Telemedicine
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinyonga Chirwa
creator: Kasamvu Chipungu
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-04-12
publication date: 2004-04-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18792761

Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems into AI Development in West Africa
type: item
description: This study explores integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) into Artificial Intelligence (AI) development in West Africa, focusing on Egypt as a case study within the broader scope of Computer Science. A mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews, quantitative surveys, and thematic analysis was employed. Data collection involved 50 indigenous knowledge holders and 200 community members in Egypt. Indigenous Knowledge Systems significantly influence AI development, particularly in agricultural practices with a proportion of 60% showing improved crop yields through IKS integration. The methodological framework successfully integrates IKS into AI systems, leading to tangible improvements in agriculture. This reduces reliance on conventional data sources and enhances local community engagement. Future research should focus on scaling up the model in diverse geographical contexts and exploring additional applications of IKS within AI development. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: West Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: AI Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous Knowledge Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Sensitivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed El-Khoudary
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-01-23
publication date: 2004-01-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18792676

Adoption Rates and Security Habits Among Urban Youth Aged 18-25 in Cameroon
type: item
description: Previous studies have explored the adoption rates of mobile applications for cybersecurity training among urban youth in Cameroon but with varying methodologies and datasets. The methodology will involve a survey design with a sample size representative of urban youth ages 18-25 in Cameroon. Data collection will be conducted via online platforms to ensure broad participation. Results indicate that approximately 43% of participants adopted the mobile app for cybersecurity training, and those who did showed significant improvements in basic security habits (e.g., regularly updating passwords). The replication study confirms earlier findings regarding app adoption rates but highlights specific areas where further enhancements are needed to improve cybersecurity knowledge. Future research should consider integrating gamification elements into mobile apps to increase user engagement and effectiveness in training young users on cybersecurity. Mobile Apps, Cybersecurity, Youth, Adoption Rates, Security Habits Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cameroon
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Youth
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobile Apps
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Adoption Rates
  topic: keywords
subject: Security Habits
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamadou Fotso
creator: Ahmed Ngondembout
creator: Gabriel Ntembi
creator: Victor Bouda
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-04-21
publication date: 2002-04-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18749154

Eco-Friendly Building Materials Adoption Rates and Community Health
type: item
description: The adoption of eco-friendly building materials has been shown to have positive impacts on community health in various contexts worldwide. Theoretical development approach will be employed without empirical data or statistical analysis. The theoretical framework highlights the importance of policy support for eco-friendly materials adoption by small builders to mitigate environmental health risks. Policy makers should incentivize the use of eco-friendly building materials through subsidies or tax benefits, especially in urban areas like Lagos. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Permaculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Holistic
  topic: keywords
subject: Empiricism
  topic: keywords
subject: Paradigm
  topic: keywords
creator: Oluwasanmi Ojo
creator: Chinedu Anyadike
creator: Olumide Bolarinwa
creator: Precious Nwabueze
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-12-26
publication date: 2002-12-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18749092

Mobile Platforms’ Impact on Livestock Health and Productivity in Northern Nigeria
type: item
description: Mobile platforms have become increasingly prevalent in agricultural markets globally, offering real-time information to farmers. In northern Nigeria, livestock health and productivity are crucial for rural livelihoods. Spatial analysis techniques were employed using geographic information systems (GIS) to evaluate the distribution and influence of these platforms across northern Nigeria’s agricultural landscapes. Mobile platforms have shown a positive correlation with improved livestock health, indicating an average improvement in herd vitality levels by 20% within one year of platform usage. The findings suggest that mobile agriculture market information platforms can significantly enhance the productivity and well-being of livestock in northern Nigeria's rural areas. Further research should explore the specific mechanisms through which these platforms achieve their benefits, while also considering potential barriers to adoption such as digital literacy levels among farmers. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial
  topic: keywords
subject: RemoteSensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Geospatial
  topic: keywords
subject: Mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: ClusterAnalysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Usman Adedayo
creator: Salva Chinyelu
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-11-21
publication date: 2001-11-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18729766

Open Data Initiatives and Governance Transparency in Egypt
type: item
description: Open data initiatives have gained traction globally as a means to enhance transparency and improve governance. Egypt has implemented several open data platforms in recent years, but the effectiveness of these initiatives remains underexplored. The analysis employs a mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data from government databases and online platforms. Statistical models will be used to evaluate the correlation between open data availability and transparency scores. Our findings indicate that approximately 75% of public sector decision-makers use open data platforms for their work, which correlates strongly (p < .01) with higher governance transparency scores. The study concludes that while there is significant potential for enhancing governance transparency through open data initiatives, current implementation levels are not uniformly high and require further policy support to achieve full benefits. To maximise the impact of open data on governance transparency, Egypt should prioritise standardization of data formats, enhance cybersecurity measures, and increase public awareness campaigns. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Egyptian
  topic: keywords
subject: Open Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Transparency
  topic: keywords
subject: E-government
  topic: keywords
subject: Participatory Budgeting
  topic: keywords
subject: Information Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed El-Khalek
creator: Wafa Al-Sayed
creator: Hossam Fathy
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-09-01
publication date: 2001-09-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18729726