Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Rwanda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment

Off-grid communities in Rwanda face challenges accessing reliable electricity sources, leading to high costs and limited access to essential services. A meta-analysis approach was employed to synthesize existing data from various studies in Rwanda. Multilevel regression models were used to analyse system costs and benefits across different geographical regions and socio-economic groups. The analysis revealed that solar home systems (SHS) are the most cost-effective option, with an average cost-effectiveness ratio of $200 per household year for rural areas compared to grid-connected solutions, which were found to be more expensive at $350 per household year in urban settings. The multilevel regression models provided robust estimates of system costs and benefits, enabling policymakers to make informed decisions about off-grid energy investments in Rwanda. Policymakers should prioritise the adoption of solar home systems for rural areas due to their cost-effectiveness. Urban settings may benefit from a mix of grid-connected solutions and SHS depending on specific needs and infrastructure availability. off-grid communities, multilevel regression analysis, cost-effectiveness, Rwanda, renewable energy