Environmental governance in Zambia's mining sector has been a subject of increasing scrutiny due to its significant impact on local ecosystems and communities. The review methodology employed an iterative process involving a comprehensive search of academic databases, grey literature, and relevant reports from to . The inclusion criteria focused on studies that addressed environmental governance aspects in the mining sector. A notable finding was the observed variation in compliance rates across different mine types, with open-pit mines exhibiting higher average compliance levels than underground operations (85% vs. 70%). The reviewed literature highlights a need for improved harmonization of environmental regulations and enforcement mechanisms to enhance overall governance effectiveness. Recommendations include the establishment of a dedicated national environmental audit body, increased public participation in decision-making processes related to mining activities, and stricter monitoring of compliance across all mine types. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.