Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Ghana: A Randomized Field Trial for Efficiency Gains

Ghana's municipal water systems face challenges in efficiency and reliability, necessitating methodological evaluation to enhance service delivery. A stratified random sampling approach was employed to select municipalities for the trial. A mixed-methods design integrating quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was utilised. Initial findings suggest a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in water system delivery rates with intervention, indicating potential efficiency gains. The randomized field trial demonstrated promising results for improving municipal water systems’ operational efficacy, warranting further comprehensive evaluation and implementation of targeted interventions. Immediate implementation of the identified interventions should be considered to address immediate challenges in Ghana's municipal water systems. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.