Cybersecurity Awareness Programmes and User Behaviour in Zanzibar: A Systematic Literature Review

Cybersecurity awareness programmes (CSAPs) aim to educate internet users about online threats and promote safe practices. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science to identify relevant studies published between and . The analysis revealed that CSAPs significantly enhanced users’ awareness about phishing attacks, with a proportion of participants reporting increased knowledge by at least 40% after programme engagement. CSAPs in Zanzibar have been effective in improving user cybersecurity practices but varied outcomes suggest the need for tailored interventions. Future studies should focus on evaluating the long-term impact and effectiveness of CSAPs, particularly in underserved areas. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.