University roles in Mali's knowledge ecosystems are crucial for fostering innovation and development. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis on university publications and research outputs. University collaborations are pivotal for knowledge sharing, particularly among public institutions and private sector entities. Public universities produce significantly more research output than private ones (public: 70%, private: 30%). Enhancing collaboration between public and private sectors can amplify the effectiveness of university efforts in Mali's knowledge ecosystems. Foster partnerships to leverage resources effectively, focusing on joint projects that benefit both sectors.