The Sahel region of Kenya is characterized by its arid climate and frequent droughts, posing significant challenges to human security. Theoretical synthesis and conceptual modelling are employed to explore the complex interactions between climate variability and socio-economic conditions in the region. This theoretical framework underscores the critical role of adaptive governance strategies and socio-economic interventions in mitigating climate-induced human security risks in the Sahel. Policy makers are encouraged to prioritise investments in resilient infrastructure, early warning systems for climate-related disasters, and community-based adaptation programmes.