Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Assessment

District hospitals in Rwanda have been pivotal in healthcare provision despite facing resource constraints. The study employed a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) econometric approach to assess changes in patient outcomes over time across districts with varying levels of healthcare investment. A significant improvement was observed in hospital readmission rates, indicating enhanced operational effectiveness and improved clinical care quality. The DiD model provided robust evidence for the impact of additional investments on health service delivery in rural settings. Future research should consider incorporating feedback mechanisms to enhance patient experience and inform continuous improvement strategies. Difference-in-Differences, District Hospitals, Rwanda, Clinical Outcomes, Longitudinal Study Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.