Madagascar is facing significant deforestation and land degradation issues, which threaten its unique biodiversity and ecosystem services. A combination of field surveys and remote sensing data was used to analyse patterns of deforestation and land degradation across different regions in Madagascar. The analysis revealed a clear trend of declining tree cover, with approximately 20% loss over the past decade in some forested areas. Deforestation and land degradation are major threats to Madagascar's ecosystems, necessitating immediate intervention strategies. Implementing community-based reforestation programmes and promoting sustainable agricultural practices can help mitigate these environmental issues. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.