This study examines community-led waste management initiatives in Kampala, Uganda to assess their impact on health outcomes among vulnerable populations. Community surveys were conducted with a sample size of 300 participants, using a structured questionnaire designed to measure waste management practices and health status over two years. Data analysis revealed that the proportion of households participating in waste segregation increased from 25% pre-intervention to 60% post-intervention. This was statistically significant ($p < 0.01$). Community-led waste management initiatives have led to a substantial improvement in health outcomes among vulnerable populations, with a notable increase in sanitation practices. Further research should focus on the long-term effects of these interventions and explore ways to sustain them within community structures.