Public health surveillance systems in Tanzania are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis (TB). However, their efficiency varies widely across different regions. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, including quantitative data collection via electronic databases and qualitative interviews with healthcare workers. Randomization will ensure comparability between intervention (enhanced surveillance) and control groups. The randomized field trial suggests that enhanced surveillance in the intervention group led to a 15% reduction in time-to-diagnosis for malaria cases compared to the control group, indicating potential efficiency gains. The findings from this protocol provide evidence on how public health surveillance systems can be optimised for better disease management and resource allocation. Public health authorities should consider adopting similar randomized field trial methodologies in other regions with varying surveillance infrastructures to assess further improvements. public health surveillance, malaria, tuberculosis, efficiency gains, randomized field trial Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.