This article examines South Sudan National Security Service: Functions, Abuses, and Reform Imperatives: Power, Agency, and Structural Change with a focused emphasis on South Sudan within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a commentary that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.