This article examines Medical Neutrality and the Targeting of Health Facilities in African Conflicts: Policy Implications for Fragile States with a focused emphasis on Tanzania within the field of Arts & Humanities. It is structured as a qualitative study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.