Piped water supply in Kigali, Rwanda faces challenges related to its reliability and hygiene, posing risks to public health. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data analysis from household surveys and qualitative assessments of water quality samples. Statistical models include logistic regression to predict the likelihood of water-borne diseases, incorporating robust standard errors to account for uncertainty in survey responses. A preliminary analysis suggests that households consuming piped water have a slightly higher risk (OR = 1.25; CI: [1.08-1.43]) of developing diarrheal illnesses compared to those using alternative sources, highlighting the need for enhanced hygiene education and infrastructure improvements. The methodology framework is robust in its ability to identify transmission hotspots and risk factors associated with piped water supply. Implement targeted health interventions based on identified risks, particularly in areas where piped water use is predominant. Epidemiology, Piped Water Supply, Disease Transmission, Rwanda