Algeria's experience in natural resource extraction serves as a case study for understanding the complex interplay of politics and economics surrounding such activities in Central Africa. The analysis employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data from official reports and secondary sources to explore the multifaceted effects of mineral extraction policies. There is a significant correlation between oil revenue allocation and political stability, indicating that equitable resource distribution can mitigate socio-economic disparities within Algeria’s diverse regions. The study underscores the importance of transparent governance and inclusive decision-making in maximising the benefits of natural resources while mitigating potential negative impacts on local communities and environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing public participation in resource management decisions, and promoting sustainable development strategies to ensure long-term prosperity for Algeria’s economy and society. Natural Resource Extraction, Political Economy, Governance, Transparency, Inclusivity