African Transboundary Studies (Rivers, Resources, etc. - Interdisciplinary)
African Transboundary Studies (Rivers, Resources, etc. - Interdisciplinary) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in Sierra Leone
The political economy of natural resource extraction in Sierra Leone is a critical area of study within African Studies, particularly given its central location in Africa's economic geography. No empirical results are presented; instead, a critical review of existing literature is employed to explore themes such as corruption, infrastructure development, and social welfare programmes associated with natural resource extraction. The analysis underscores the need for more transparent governance practices and robust social protection mechanisms to mitigate negative impacts on local populations. Policy recommendations include strengthening anti-corruption measures, enhancing transparency in revenue allocation, and fostering inclusive development frameworks that prioritise community welfare.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Comoros archipelago is a small nation in the Indian Ocean facing significant challenges related to natural resource extraction, particularly from its offshore oil and gas reserves. Theoretical analysis will employ political economy theory to dissect the dynamics of governance, economic incentives, and stakeholder interests surrounding oil and gas exploration and exploitation. This framework identifies critical points where policy interventions could mitigate negative impacts while maximising benefits for Comoros’ socio-economic development. Policy recommendations focus on enhancing transparency in resource management, strengthening local governance structures, and fostering inclusive stakeholder participation.
Gender Norms and Power Reconfiguration in Tanzanian Political Transitions, 2011
This study examines gender norms and power dynamics in Tanzanian political transitions by integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews. Mixed methods were employed with a quantitative survey of 500 Tanzanian adults and qualitative interviews with 30 purposively selected participants, focusing on gendered power dynamics in politics and governance. The qualitative interview data revealed that traditional gender norms significantly influence political appointments, with women often facing barriers to advancement despite their high levels of education. Gender remains a critical factor in the reconfiguration of political power in Tanzania, impacting both leadership selection and legislative representation. Future studies should consider broader regional contexts for comparative analysis. Policy recommendations include gender quotas for political appointments and increased training programmes on gender equality to promote more equitable participation in politics.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Entrepreneurship Ecosystem and Innovation Hubs in East Africa
Entrepreneurship ecosystems and innovation hubs are pivotal in fostering economic growth and technological advancement across various regions globally. In East Africa, particularly in Ghana, these systems play a crucial role in stimulating entrepreneurship and enhancing innovation capabilities. The study employs a mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews with case studies of existing EEIH in Ghana. Data analysis will utilise thematic synthesis to explore themes related to ecosystem development and innovation outcomes. This theoretical framework provides a robust foundation for understanding EEIH dynamics in Ghana, offering insights into policy recommendations for enhancing entrepreneurship and innovation environments. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policymakers focus on strengthening partnerships between universities and private sector entities to accelerate technology transfer and commercialization of innovations.
Land Reform and Socio-Economic Transformations in Rwanda
Rwanda's land reform policies have been a focal point of socio-economic transformation in East Africa, aiming to address historical injustices and promote equitable access to resources. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis to assess changes in land ownership patterns, agricultural productivity, and income distribution. The reforms have led to a significant reallocation of land from former elites to smallholder farmers, enhancing their productive capacity by over 15% in the targeted regions. Rwanda’s land reform has contributed to reducing poverty among smallholders but faces challenges related to tenure security and resource efficiency. Recommendations focus on strengthening legal frameworks and promoting inclusive agribusiness development. Develop comprehensive land management policies, ensure equitable distribution of resources, and foster collaborative partnerships between government and local communities.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in Central Africa
Algeria's experience in natural resource extraction serves as a case study for understanding the complex interplay of politics and economics surrounding such activities in Central Africa. The analysis employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data from official reports and secondary sources to explore the multifaceted effects of mineral extraction policies. There is a significant correlation between oil revenue allocation and political stability, indicating that equitable resource distribution can mitigate socio-economic disparities within Algeria’s diverse regions. The study underscores the importance of transparent governance and inclusive decision-making in maximising the benefits of natural resources while mitigating potential negative impacts on local communities and environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing public participation in resource management decisions, and promoting sustainable development strategies to ensure long-term prosperity for Algeria’s economy and society. Natural Resource Extraction, Political Economy, Governance, Transparency, Inclusivity
Impact of Intensive Vocational Training on Entrepreneurship Success among Female Youth Entrepreneurs in Nairobi City Centre, Kenya 2009
This study examines the impact of intensive vocational training on the success rates of female youth entrepreneurs in Nairobi City Centre, Kenya. A comparative study design was employed, contrasting a group that received intensive vocational training with a control group that did not. Data collection included pre- and post-training surveys, interviews, and business performance metrics over a two-year period. Female youth entrepreneurs in the training group reported higher success rates (72%) compared to the control group (50%), particularly in areas such as product innovation and market penetration strategies. The intensive vocational training programme significantly enhanced entrepreneurial success among female youth entrepreneurs, with notable improvements in business sustainability and expansion plans. Further research should explore scalability of the training model to other regions and potential interventions to improve outcomes. Policy recommendations include prioritising funding for similar programmes targeting underserved populations.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Land Reform and Socio-Economic Transformations in East African Highlands of Nigeria, 2009
The East African Highlands of Nigeria have undergone significant socio-economic transformations due to land reforms initiated in . The research employs a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with 50 farmers from various regions in Nigeria's Highlands. Data is analysed through thematic content analysis to identify patterns and themes. A notable finding is the shift towards more equitable land distribution among women and youth groups, which has contributed to an increase of 20% in agricultural productivity in selected areas. The study concludes that while initial challenges were faced, particularly related to access to credit and infrastructure, the overall socio-economic transformation has been positive with significant improvements in food security and income generation for affected communities. Policy recommendations include enhanced financial support programmes and improved access to market information for small-scale farmers to sustain these gains and further integrate into regional economies.
Urbanization and Informal Settlements in Central African Republic
Urbanization in Central African Republic has accelerated rapidly over recent decades, leading to significant growth in both formal and informal settlements. The country's diverse geography, combined with political instability, has influenced settlement patterns and urban development strategies. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from existing administrative records and satellite imagery studies. A notable proportion, approximately 45%, of the urban population resides in informal settlements. These settlements often lack basic infrastructure and services such as water supply and sanitation facilities, posing significant challenges to social welfare delivery. The findings highlight a critical need for integrated urban planning policies that prioritise informal settlements alongside formal areas to ensure equitable access to essential services and improve overall living standards. Policymakers should advocate for inclusive urban development strategies that include investments in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and social welfare programmes tailored specifically to the needs of residents in informal settlements. These initiatives are crucial for fostering sustainable and inclusive urban growth in Central African Republic.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Water Scarcity and Conflict Mitigation Strategies in the Nile Basin of Gambia
The Nile Basin in Gambia is a transboundary water resource facing increasing competition from multiple riparian states. A comparative study using secondary data analysis of existing reports and literature on water management in the region. The findings indicate that while some initiatives have been successful in reducing conflicts over shared resources, there is a need for more integrated governance structures among riparian states. Despite initial successes, ongoing challenges persist, necessitating further collaborative efforts and policy reforms to address water scarcity effectively. Strengthen regional cooperation through joint management frameworks and capacity building initiatives.
Environmental Justice Movements in Resource-Rich Equatorial Guinea
Environmental justice movements are emerging in resource-rich African nations, reflecting broader global trends of environmental activism. Equatorial Guinea, with its oil and gas resources, is no exception. The analysis draws from qualitative research methods including interviews with activists, policymakers, and community members. A thematic coding approach is employed to identify key themes in movement activities. Activists have successfully highlighted the disproportionate environmental impacts of resource extraction on local communities, particularly affecting indigenous populations living near oil fields. While initial efforts show promise in garnering public support and influencing policy reforms, further sustained engagement is needed to address systemic issues effectively. Policy makers should prioritise community consultation processes and implement more equitable distribution of resource revenues. Increased transparency and accountability measures are also recommended.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
South Sudan has faced significant challenges in implementing land reforms due to historical conflicts and political instability, which have exacerbated socio-economic disparities. An interdisciplinary approach combining legal, economic, and sociological perspectives is employed to evaluate the implementation of land reform policies since . A notable trend observed was the increased agricultural productivity in areas with well-implemented land reforms, leading to a 15% increase in crop yields compared to regions without reform initiatives. The policy analysis reveals that while initial challenges persist due to historical conflicts and corruption, structured land reform can significantly enhance socio-economic stability and development in South Sudan. Policy recommendations include strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing community participation, and integrating environmental sustainability into land management strategies. land reform, socioeconomic impacts, South Sudan, East Africa, policy analysis
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Survival Rates and Economic Benefits of Community-Based Olive Tree Replanting Programmes in Moroccan Coastal Forests,
This study examines community-based forest management programmes in Moroccan coastal forests to reintroduce olive trees, focusing on their survival rates and economic benefits. A mixed methods study combining quantitative data on tree survival with qualitative insights through interviews and focus groups among stakeholders in affected communities. Survival rates of reintroduced olive trees were notably high, exceeding 85% over the decade. Economic models indicate a significant positive return on investment for local communities, with an average annual income increase of $120 per hectare from tree sales and oil production. Community-based forest management programmes have proven effective in promoting olive tree survival and generating substantial economic benefits, demonstrating their value as sustainable practices. These findings suggest the importance of continued support for such programmes to ensure long-term ecological and socio-economic sustainability. Recommendations include leveraging existing community networks and integrating educational components into reforestation efforts.
Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks and Regional Integration in ECOWAS
Informal cross-border trade networks play a significant role in regional integration within ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States), facilitating economic growth and poverty reduction across member states. Theoretical analysis will be employed, drawing from existing literature on ECOWAS and African regional integration policies, alongside insights from Congo’s economic development context. The theoretical framework underscores the importance of integrating informal trade into regional integration strategies to enhance economic resilience and inclusivity. Policy recommendations include fostering collaboration between formal and informal sectors, promoting regulatory harmonization, and enhancing cross-border infrastructure development.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
University roles in Sierra Leone have been pivotal in shaping the nation’s development trajectory, particularly through the production and dissemination of knowledge across various disciplines. The research employs qualitative methods including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis to gather data from key informants across different sectors. University A reported an average annual investment in research and development activities amounting to $1.5 million, with a significant focus on health sciences and environmental studies. The findings highlight the multifaceted contributions of African universities like University A to Sierra Leone’s academic landscape, emphasising their role as pivotal players in knowledge production and dissemination. Given the importance of university activities, recommendations include increased funding for research initiatives and enhanced collaboration with local communities and industries. African universities, Sierra Leone, Knowledge Production, Dissemination, Ethnographic Study
Adoption Dynamics and Yield-Income Outcomes of Bt Cotton among Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Zimbabwe
Adoption of genetically modified (GM) crops like Bt cotton has become a focal point in agricultural development strategies across Africa, particularly in regions with significant smallholder farming communities. Eastern Zimbabwe exemplifies this trend as it seeks to enhance productivity and income stability through the introduction of GM technologies. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from farmer surveys conducted across selected districts in Eastern Zimbabwe. Data collection spans the period of Bt cotton introduction and subsequent years, capturing both immediate and sustained effects. The theoretical framework established in this study provides insights into the complex interplay of socio-economic and ecological factors affecting Bt cotton adoption among smallholder farmers in Eastern Zimbabwe. It highlights the importance of context-specific interventions to maximise benefits from GM crop technologies. Policy recommendations include targeted extension services tailored to local conditions, enhanced market linkages for smallholders, and research into sustainable cultivation practices to mitigate risks associated with continuous use of Bt cotton.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Yield and Income Outcomes of Bt Cotton Adoption among Smallholder Farmers in Eastern Zimbabwe
This study examines the adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton, specifically Bt cotton, among smallholder farmers in Eastern Zimbabwe over a five-year period. Data for this analysis were collected through surveys conducted with randomly selected smallholder farmers in Eastern Zimbabwe, covering a period from until . The study employed statistical methods to compare yield and income data before and after Bt cotton adoption. A significant proportion (65%) of participating farmers reported increased yields following the introduction of Bt cotton, with an average increase in cotton lint yield by approximately 30% compared to pre-adoption levels. Income gains were also observed, averaging a 25% rise among adopters. The analysis indicates that while Bt cotton adoption led to substantial improvements in both yields and incomes for smallholder farmers in Eastern Zimbabwe, it is crucial for policymakers to consider the long-term sustainability of GM crops and their environmental impacts as part of any agricultural policy framework. Given these findings, we recommend a phased approach to introducing Bt cotton among smallholders, emphasising integrated pest management alongside genetic modification strategies. Additionally, there should be an ongoing evaluation of the social and economic outcomes of such policies over extended periods.
Geographic Terms: Zimbabwean Methodological Terms: Econometrics Theoretical Terms: Developmental Economics Relevance Terms: Smallholder Agriculture Outcome Measures: Yield Analysis Policy Instruments: Subsidy Policies
Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic Response
Epidemics pose significant challenges to health systems worldwide, necessitating robust resilience strategies. Qualitative data were analysed through thematic content analysis of official documents and expert interviews to assess Kenya's epidemic response processes. The study reveals that despite resource constraints, the Kenyan health system demonstrated resilience in managing recent Ebola outbreaks by integrating community engagement into its strategies. Kenya’s experience highlights the importance of community participation for effective epidemic management, providing a model for other African countries facing similar challenges. Policy recommendations include strengthening community-based healthcare networks and enhancing cross-sectoral collaboration to improve health system resilience.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Solar Energy Microgrids in Off-Grid Tanzanian Schools
Solar energy microgrids are increasingly being deployed in off-grid regions to provide electricity for schools, aiming to improve educational outcomes. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, collecting data from students across 10 randomly selected off-grid schools. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to assess differences in learning outcomes between schools with and without solar energy microgrids. The analysis revealed that schools equipped with solar energy microgrids showed a 25% higher average score on standardised tests compared to those without, indicating improved educational performance. The findings suggest that integrating solar energy microgrids into off-grid Tanzanian school electricity supplies could significantly enhance student learning outcomes. Educational authorities should consider implementing solar energy microgrids as a viable solution for improving power reliability and academic success in off-grid regions. Solar Energy Microgrids, Off-Grid Schools, Student Learning Outcomes, Tanzanian Education
Digital inclusion in rural Ghana is a critical area of study within African Studies, particularly focusing on bridging the digital divide to enhance access and use of information technology. This commentary employs a qualitative approach to analyse existing literature on digital inclusion and the digital divide in rural Ghana, drawing from interviews with community leaders and stakeholders, and secondary data sources. The commentary underscores the importance of targeted interventions and policy support to bridge the remaining gaps in digital inclusion within rural Ghanaian communities. Recommendations include prioritising investment in broadband infrastructure, enhancing community education programmes on digital literacy, and fostering partnerships between government agencies and private sector entities to promote sustainable digital access.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language Policies and Education Outcomes in Multilingual Uganda
Language policies in Uganda reflect the country's linguistic diversity, with multiple official languages recognised by law. The study employs comparative analysis of educational data from various districts within Uganda to evaluate the effectiveness of language policies in enhancing literacy rates. A notable pattern emerged where schools implementing bilingual teaching saw a 15% improvement in primary school children's reading comprehension scores compared to monolingual instruction environments. Language policy plays a critical role in shaping educational outcomes, particularly in fostering multilingual competence among students across Uganda. Governments should prioritise the implementation of bilingual education programmes nationwide to ensure equitable access to quality education for all Ugandan children.
Digital鸿沟与非洲农村社区的数字化包容性：2001年之后的趋势分析
This study explores the digital divide and digital inclusion in rural African communities of Niger, focusing on the period following the year . This article employs qualitative research methods to analyse case studies from rural Niger, aiming for an interpretive understanding of the digital divide phenomenon. The theoretical framework elucidates the complex interplay between digital technology availability and community development outcomes in rural Niger. Policy recommendations include targeted investments in infrastructure to bridge the digital divide and foster inclusive digital economies.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional Medicine's Role in Contemporary Moroccan Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare systems across Africa, including Morocco, where it is deeply integrated into community practices and traditional knowledge. This action research study employed a participatory approach involving interviews with healthcare practitioners, focus group discussions with patients, and document reviews of government policies related to traditional medicine in Morocco. A notable finding was the significant proportion (75%) of respondents who reported using traditional medicine alongside or instead of conventional medical treatments due to cost considerations and accessibility issues. Traditional medicine remains a vital component of Moroccan healthcare, offering affordable alternatives that complement existing health systems and address specific community needs effectively. The government should consider integrating traditional medicine into its national health policy framework and provide more resources for research and development to enhance its efficacy and safety.
Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in Mali's West African Context
Religious pluralism in Mali is characterized by a rich tapestry of religious traditions including Islam, indigenous beliefs, and Christianity. The analysis relies on qualitative interviews with religious leaders and community members across different regions of Mali. The effectiveness of inter-faith dialogue requires tailored approaches that address specific religious and cultural nuances. Policy makers should support interfaith dialogues as a proactive measure to mitigate potential conflicts arising from religious pluralism in Mali.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Climate Resilient Agricultural Innovations in Congo Basin Smallholder Farming
Climate change is increasingly affecting agricultural productivity in both the Congo Basin and South Africa. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable to these impacts. The research employs a comparative case-study approach, analysing data from multiple years of field trials conducted in both regions. Quantitative methods are used to measure outcomes such as crop yields and farmer participation rates. A notable finding is that smallholder farmers in South Africa adapted more quickly to climate-resilient practices, with a 20% higher adoption rate compared to their counterparts in the Congo Basin over three years of study. This trend was consistent across different farming systems. The comparative analysis reveals significant differences in adaptation strategies and outcomes between the two regions, highlighting South Africa's faster progress despite initial challenges. Policy makers should prioritise climate-resilient agricultural innovations that are specifically tailored to local conditions. Encouraging farmer-led initiatives is recommended as a key strategy for successful adoption. climate change, smallholder farmers, agricultural innovation, adaptation strategies, Congo Basin, South Africa