Implementation and Sustainability of School-Integrated Water Sanitation Programmes in Kenyan Urban Schools: A Ten-Year Case Study Approach

School-integrated water sanitation programmes (WSPs) in Kenyan urban schools aim to improve hygiene and reduce water-related diseases among students. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data from surveys (n=200) and qualitative interviews (n=15), with thematic analysis for interpretive purposes. Significant improvements were observed in students' handwashing frequency, with a 30% increase over the study period. Qualitative insights underscored challenges related to community engagement and maintenance of WSPs. The study highlights the importance of sustained community involvement for WSP sustainability. Enhanced community participation strategies are recommended to ensure long-term programme success. school water sanitation programmes, urban Kenya, qualitative research, mixed-method approach