The global spread of infectious diseases necessitates robust health systems capable of responding effectively to epidemics. A comprehensive survey approach was employed, involving structured interviews with healthcare professionals and policy-makers across various levels of the Nigerian health system. Survey data revealed a significant disparity (30%) in access to personal protective equipment among frontline healthcare workers during the Ebola outbreak, highlighting critical gaps in supply chain management. Nigeria's health systems exhibited resilience through effective communication and community engagement strategies but struggled with logistical support and resource allocation challenges. Enhanced training programmes for healthcare workers, improved logistics support, and better coordination between federal and state governments are recommended to mitigate future outbreaks.