African Journal of Lusophone (Portuguese) Studies
African Journal of Lusophone (Portuguese) Studies is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks within ECOWAS in Tanzania
Informal cross-border trade networks are critical to regional integration in East African Community (EAC), with Tanzania playing a significant role as part of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The research employed participant observation and semi-structured interviews to gather data from traders in Tanzania’s border regions. Ethnographic methods were chosen for their ability to capture nuanced social dynamics within the context of informal economies. Participants reported that over 70% of cross-border trade is conducted through unofficial channels, highlighting the prevalence of shadow markets despite formal regulatory efforts. This study underscores the importance of integrating informal sectors into official development strategies to enhance regional economic integration and inclusivity. Policy recommendations include fostering dialogue between government agencies and local traders to develop sustainable cross-border trade regulations that respect cultural practices and socio-economic realities.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A Framework for Evaluating Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Campaigns Amongst Adolescent Girls in Nairobi, Kenya
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among adolescent girls in Nairobi, Kenya has been a significant public health concern for several years. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data will be employed to analyse campaign effectiveness. This framework provides a comprehensive methodology for assessing the impact of HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns among adolescent girls in urban settings. Future studies should consider integrating these insights into existing community-based programmes to enhance their effectiveness.
Technology Adoption and Literacy Gains Among Urban Lagos Adolescents
This commentary focuses on urban adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria, examining how educational technology adoption has influenced computer literacy gains over a four-year period. Educational data from multiple sources, including student surveys and school records, were analysed longitudinally over four years to track technological integration and literacy outcomes. While there was an increase in computer literacy among urban Lagos adolescents, disparities persist based on gender and use purposes. Future research should explore the long-term effects of educational technologies and consider developing tailored interventions to support all students' needs more effectively.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Educational Technology Integration and Four-Year Adoption Rates among Adolescents in Urban Lagos
Educational technology (EdTech) integration is increasingly recognised as a critical tool for enhancing computer literacy among adolescents worldwide. In urban Lagos, Nigeria, where rapid technological advancements are transforming educational practices, there is a growing need to understand the adoption rates of EdTech solutions over time. A cross-sectional survey approach was employed, involving a stratified random sampling method to ensure representation from various urban zones of Lagos with diverse socioeconomic profiles. Data collection utilised online questionnaires designed by the research team, including demographic questions, frequency of EdTech usage, and perceptions of its benefits. Initial findings suggest that while overall adoption rates have increased over four years, there is a notable disparity in uptake across socio-economic groups. For instance, adolescents from lower-income backgrounds showed a slower rate of adoption compared to their higher-income counterparts. The study concludes with an exploration of the implications for educational policy and practice in urban Lagos, emphasising the need for targeted interventions to promote equitable access to EdTech resources among all socioeconomic levels. Based on the findings, recommendations include developing tailored training programmes for teachers and parents, implementing subsidies or grants for families in lower-income areas, and fostering a culture of continuous professional development related to EdTech integration within schools. Educational Technology Integration, Four-Year Adoption Rates, Adolescents, Urban Lagos, Computer Literacy
The Political Economy Framework for Natural Resource Extraction in Central African States
Natural resource extraction in Central African states has been a subject of significant interest within African studies, with Ghana serving as a notable case study. The political economy framework for this sector is particularly relevant due to its influence on governance and development outcomes. The analysis is grounded in a review of existing literature on political economy frameworks, supplemented by case studies from Ghana. Ethical considerations ensure that the research respects confidentiality and privacy within the study’s parameters. The theoretical framework underscores the critical role of governance reforms in mitigating these negative outcomes and promoting sustainable development from resource extraction. Policy recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing transparency in decision-making processes, and fostering public-private partnerships for equitable benefit-sharing. These measures are essential to ensure that natural resources contribute positively to national development goals.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Role of Togolese Universities in Knowledge Production and Dissemination Processes
{ "background": "Togo is a small West African country with a growing higher education sector, including several universities and research institutions. The role of these educational establishments in knowledge production and dissemination within Togolese society and beyond has been under-researched.", "purposeandobjectives": "This study aims to explore the contributions of Togolese universities to knowledge creation and sharing processes, with a focus on their impact on local and regional development. The objectives include understanding the role of these institutions in fostering research, education, and innovation.", "methodology": "The qualitative approach employed for this study involved semi-structured interviews with academics from various Togolese universities, document analysis of university publications and research outputs, and observations at academic conferences and workshops. Focus groups were also conducted to gather insights from students and other stakeholders.", "findings": "Findings indicate that while Togolese universities have made significant strides in producing scholarly works across multiple disciplines, there remains a notable gap in the dissemination of this knowledge beyond traditional academic circles. Specifically, only 30% of university research outputs are cited by external sources within three years post-publication.", "conclusion": "The study concludes that while Togolese universities contribute substantially to the global pool of knowledge through their research and publications, there is a need for enhanced efforts in promoting collaboration with industry partners and other sectors to improve the reach and impact of these outputs.", "recommendations": "To address the identified challenges, recommendations include fostering stronger ties between academia and industry, increasing public awareness campaigns about university research, and developing strategic partnerships with international institutions. These measures are expected to facilitate a more effective dissemination of knowledge produced by Togolese universities.", "keywords": "Togo, Universities, Knowledge Production, Dissemination, Academic Collaboration", "contribution_statement": "This study offers novel insights into the role of Togolese universities in fostering and disseminating knowledge, particularly through its findings on the underutilization of university research outputs by external sources."
Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic Response
The global spread of infectious diseases necessitates robust health systems capable of responding effectively to epidemics. A comprehensive survey approach was employed, involving structured interviews with healthcare professionals and policy-makers across various levels of the Nigerian health system. Survey data revealed a significant disparity (30%) in access to personal protective equipment among frontline healthcare workers during the Ebola outbreak, highlighting critical gaps in supply chain management. Nigeria's health systems exhibited resilience through effective communication and community engagement strategies but struggled with logistical support and resource allocation challenges. Enhanced training programmes for healthcare workers, improved logistics support, and better coordination between federal and state governments are recommended to mitigate future outbreaks.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption Dynamics of Mobile Agriculture Apps Among Northern Tanzanian Smallholder Farmers
Mobile agriculture apps have gained traction in various agricultural settings to enhance productivity and sustainability. In northern Tanzania, where smallholder farmers face significant challenges in accessing market information and financial services, mobile apps offer a potential solution. The study employed qualitative methods including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis over a six-month period. Data were collected from 50 smallholder farmers across three districts of northern Tanzania. Farmers exhibited varying levels of interest in mobile apps; with approximately 40% showing moderate to high engagement, indicating potential for app adoption despite initial scepticism. Findings suggest that while technical limitations and cost are major barriers, socio-economic factors such as access to electricity and internet connectivity play a crucial role in shaping farmer decision-making. To enhance adoption rates, initiatives should focus on bridging digital divide through community education programmes and improving app functionality to better meet farmers' needs.
Climate Change and Human Security in the Sahel Region of Namibia,
The Sahel region in Namibia is experiencing significant climate variability, which poses threats to human security such as food insecurity and displacement. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys was employed to gather insights into livelihood practices and resilience strategies among affected communities. There is a clear trend indicating that climate variability has led to a decrease in agricultural yields by approximately 30% over the study period, affecting food security across the region. Climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities, particularly for small-scale farmers and pastoralists who rely on traditional livelihoods. These communities exhibit varying levels of resilience based on their adaptive capacity. Policy recommendations include enhancing early warning systems, promoting climate-resilient agricultural practices, and supporting community-led initiatives to build local coping mechanisms. Human Security, Climate Change, Sahel Region, Namibia, Livelihoods
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Historical Foundations of Kenyan Governance Disparities
Historical Foundations of Governance in Kenya have significantly shaped contemporary political dynamics. A comparative study employing qualitative analysis to examine archival materials, oral histories, and secondary sources from various Kenyan regions. Findings indicate a pronounced trend towards regional inequalities in governance structures since the late colonial era, characterized by significant variations in land distribution and administrative efficacy across different parts of Kenya. The historical context has perpetuated disparities that continue to influence contemporary governance challenges in Kenya. Recommendation for policymakers includes revisiting historical legacies and integrating regional perspectives into current governance frameworks.
Pan-Africanism has historically been a significant force in African politics, advocating for unity among African nations. However, its relevance and effectiveness have varied across different contexts over time. The analysis relies on qualitative research methods, incorporating interviews with key stakeholders, government officials, and civil society leaders to understand current dynamics shaping Pan-Africanism’s relevance in Djibouti. Despite ongoing obstacles, the potential exists for Pan-Africanism to evolve into a more inclusive framework that addresses contemporary issues such as climate change and cross-border cultural exchange. Policy recommendations include fostering dialogue between traditional Pan-Africanist organizations and newer, ecologically-focused initiatives to create a more cohesive regional identity.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Inclusion Challenges in Rural Côte d'Ivoire
Digital inclusion in rural Côte d'Ivoire is a critical but underexplored area of study within African Studies, highlighting significant disparities that hinder equitable access to digital technologies and services. A qualitative approach informed by interviews with local stakeholders, including community leaders, educators, and technology providers, was employed to understand the dynamics of digital access in rural settings. Findings indicate a strong disparity in internet connectivity, with only 30% of rural households having reliable broadband access, significantly impacting educational opportunities and economic development. The persistent digital divide in rural Côte d'Ivoire underscores the need for targeted interventions to bridge this gap, particularly in improving infrastructure and expanding digital literacy programmes. Recommendations include investing in community-led initiatives to improve internet connectivity, integrating digital skills training into formal education curricula, and leveraging public-private partnerships for sustainable solutions.
Promoting Renewable Energy Use Through a Lighting Programme in Rural Zimbabwean Communities
This study examines the effectiveness of a lighting programme in promoting renewable energy use among rural communities in Senegal and its potential application to similar contexts in Zimbabwe. A mixed methods approach was employed, integrating qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather data from participants in rural Senegal (n=150) and Zimbabwe (n=80). Solar lanterns were widely adopted by households, with a usage rate of 92% among participating communities. Community members expressed strong support for the initiative. The programme demonstrated significant success in increasing renewable energy use and improving community health outcomes through increased access to light. Future projects should focus on expanding solar lantern distribution, addressing financial constraints with subsidies, and enhancing sustainability by training local artisans to produce lamps locally.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Water Scarcity and Conflict Mitigation in the Nile Basin
The Nile Basin, spanning across multiple African countries including Guinea, is a significant source of fresh water for millions of people and supports extensive agricultural activities. However, the basin faces challenges related to water scarcity, which can escalate into conflicts over resource allocation. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews with key stakeholders such as government officials, community leaders, and local farmers, along with secondary data analysis of official reports and academic literature. The study utilizes a comparative framework to assess the applicability of different conflict mitigation strategies across various sectors within the basin. Analysis revealed that climate variability significantly impacts water availability in Guinea’s part of the Nile Basin, leading to fluctuating crop yields and increasing competition among users for limited resources. This pattern is particularly evident in agricultural areas where irrigation systems are predominantly used. The findings suggest a strong correlation between climate-induced water scarcity and escalated tensions within communities reliant on small-scale farming practices. The study concludes by recommending the integration of adaptive management strategies into existing policies to enhance resilience against future water shortages. Recommendations include developing comprehensive early warning systems for droughts, promoting sustainable water use through education campaigns targeting all sectors, and fostering collaborative platforms between different stakeholders to facilitate equitable resource distribution in times of scarcity. Nile Basin, Water Scarcity, Conflict Mitigation, Guinea
The establishment of regional economic blocs in Africa has been a significant development in the continent's political and economic landscape. Tunisia, as an influential country within the Maghreb region, has played a pivotal role in these developments. A qualitative approach will be employed to analyse existing literature and official documents regarding the establishment and functioning of regional economic blocs in Tunisia. Tunisia's experience highlights the importance of strategic alliances for enhancing intra-regional trade and development within Africa. Governments should consider fostering similar regional blocs to promote economic integration and stability in Africa.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Efficacy of Urban Waste Management Policies on Solid Waste Disposal Rates in Nairobi
Nairobi, Kenya, has significant challenges in urban waste management, with solid waste disposal rates varying over time. No empirical results were obtained; this Perspective Piece analyses existing data and literature. Urban waste management policies need further refinement to achieve sustainable solid waste disposal in Nairobi. Investment should be prioritised in waste segregation and recycling initiatives to enhance efficiency and environmental sustainability.
Microfinance Programmes and Women's Financial Stability in Cape Town
Microfinance programmes have emerged as a critical intervention for enhancing financial stability among vulnerable populations in Cape Town and beyond. The analysis will draw upon qualitative insights from existing literature and case studies of microfinance initiatives targeting women’s financial stability. A robust theoretical framework is proposed to guide future research and policy development in microfinance for women’s economic empowerment. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to validate the impact of microfinance programmes on broader socio-economic outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Afrofuturism and Central African Futures
Afrofuturism is a contemporary cultural movement that explores and imagines alternative futures for Africa and its diaspora communities, often through speculative fiction, art, and culture. The analysis draws from theoretical frameworks within African Studies, including Afrofuturism studies, critical race theory, and futures studies. The research employs a qualitative approach to analyse existing literature and thematic data related to Central African futures. Themes of resilience, environmental sustainability, and social justice emerge as prominent in the Afrofuturist visions for CAR's development, highlighting the need for integrated policy interventions that address these critical areas. Afrofuturism offers a powerful lens through which to envision and design policies for Central African futures. It underscores the importance of integrating community perspectives and environmental stewardship in planning future developments. - Develop targeted educational programmes on Afrofuturist themes among policymakers and local communities. - Encourage collaboration between international organizations, CAR's government, and civil society to implement eco-friendly development projects. - Promote inclusive decision-making processes that incorporate diverse voices and knowledge systems.
This study examines the role of universities in knowledge production and dissemination in Rwanda, focusing on the academic sector within African studies. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis of university publications and institutional records from to . Quantitative data is analysed using descriptive statistics, while thematic coding is applied to interview transcripts for in-depth insights. The proportion of research output focusing on Rwanda-related topics increased by 45% over the study period, with themes including health policy and education reform. Rwandan universities have significantly enhanced their capacity for producing knowledge relevant to national development challenges. Universities should be encouraged to collaborate more closely with government agencies and private sector partners to amplify their impact on local communities and global audiences.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Preservation Paradigms in West African Cultural Heritage Contexts
Digital preservation in cultural heritage contexts is crucial for safeguarding intangible assets such as oral traditions, folklore, and local languages from obsolescence. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify existing models and methodologies, followed by expert consultations to refine the proposed framework. This theoretical framework provides a robust foundation for policymakers, cultural heritage managers, and technology developers aiming to enhance preservation methods in West African contexts. Recommendation includes prioritising community participation in the development of digital preservation strategies and ensuring equitable access to technological resources.
Teacher Training Workshops and Secondary School Outcomes in Uganda
Teacher training workshops are recognised as a critical component in improving educational outcomes globally, including in Uganda where there is an ongoing effort to enhance secondary school performance through professional development. This study employed qualitative methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, and document analysis. Data collection took place in urban and rural settings across Uganda over a period of six months. The workshops exhibited significant positive effects on student test scores, particularly among female participants, who showed an average improvement of 15% compared to their male counterparts. While the training workshops demonstrated promising results in improving educational outcomes, there is still room for enhancing teacher retention and addressing infrastructure challenges that affect school performance. To maximise the impact of future training initiatives, it is recommended to focus on providing ongoing support and resources to teachers post-workshop and address structural issues within schools. Ethnographic Study, Teacher Training Workshops, Secondary School Outcomes, Uganda
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital technologies have become integral to cultural heritage preservation in Morocco's West African context, necessitating innovative strategies for safeguarding intangible and tangible assets. A mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews with policymakers and stakeholders, along with a thematic review of existing literature on digital preservation in Africa's cultural sectors. The analysis reveals a significant disparity in access to digital tools among various regions within Morocco, particularly in rural areas where less than 30% of the population has internet connectivity. Digital guardianship efforts must prioritise equitable access and capacity building for local communities to effectively preserve cultural heritage in a digital age. Develop targeted digital literacy programmes for marginalized communities; advocate for public-private partnerships to fund infrastructure improvements; integrate community engagement into digital preservation initiatives.