The Nile Basin is a critical water resource for South Africa and several other countries in East and Central Africa, facing increasing threats from climate change and population growth. The analysis is based on a review of relevant literature and policy documents, supplemented by interviews with stakeholders involved in water resource management. Interviews revealed that current policies focus mainly on supply-side solutions such as dam construction, but overlook demand-side measures like efficient irrigation practices and water conservation education. Current policies are insufficient to address the multifaceted challenges posed by water scarcity in the Nile Basin, particularly regarding equitable distribution and sustainable use of resources. The study recommends integrating comprehensive policy frameworks that include both supply-side solutions (such as infrastructure development) and demand-side measures (like education campaigns).