The Nile Basin of Burundi is a region facing significant water scarcity issues, which pose potential threats to peace and stability within the country. Theoretical analysis will be employed to explore existing literature and frameworks related to water scarcity and conflict mitigation in similar contexts. The theoretical framework proposed herein provides a structured approach for policymakers and stakeholders to implement effective water management practices in the Nile Basin of Burundi. Policymakers are encouraged to adopt the recommended strategies, including equitable distribution mechanisms, early warning systems, and community-based conflict resolution mechanisms.