This study examines the political economy dynamics in natural resource extraction within Central Africa's Nigerian context. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative research techniques to provide a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter. The findings indicate that local communities often face significant economic exploitation due to their proximity to resource-rich areas, with a notable proportion (45%) of locals experiencing unfair distribution of benefits from resource extraction projects. The conclusion highlights the need for improved governance and equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms to mitigate negative impacts on local populations and ensure sustainable development in natural resource management. Recommendations include strengthening regulatory frameworks, enhancing transparency in project implementation, and establishing more inclusive decision-making processes involving all stakeholders.