Maize is a vital crop in Ugandan drylands, facing significant yield challenges due to erratic rainfall and water scarcity. A longitudinal field study employed mixed methods including pre- and post-intervention surveys, yield measurements, and cost-benefit analyses. Adaptive irrigation significantly increased maize yields by an average of 20% compared to traditional practices (95% CI: 15-25%). Economic impact assessments showed a net benefit ratio of 1.3 for adaptive irrigation systems over conventional methods, with returns on investment within two years. Adaptive irrigation techniques have the potential to enhance maize yields and economic sustainability in Ugandan drylands. Promote government subsidies for farmers adopting adaptive irrigation systems and encourage further research into long-term impacts and scalability. Maize, Irrigation, Drylands, Yield Maximization, Economic Impact The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.