Burundi has experienced significant constitutionalism and rule of law challenges during its transitional period following a civil war. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing relevant laws, judicial decisions, and policy documents related to constitutional governance and legal frameworks in Burundi since . The analysis reveals a mixed pattern of implementation with significant gaps in the enforcement of anti-corruption measures and judicial independence policies. Despite efforts towards strengthening constitutionalism and rule of law, there remains substantial room for improvement in ensuring accountability and transparency within government institutions. Enhanced monitoring mechanisms should be implemented to ensure compliance with existing laws and regulations. Judicial training programmes are also recommended to improve the efficiency and impartiality of legal proceedings.