African Banking Law (Law/Business crossover)
African Banking Law (Law/Business crossover) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law in Burundi's Transitional Context
Burundi has experienced significant constitutionalism and rule of law challenges during its transitional period following a civil war. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analysing relevant laws, judicial decisions, and policy documents related to constitutional governance and legal frameworks in Burundi since . The analysis reveals a mixed pattern of implementation with significant gaps in the enforcement of anti-corruption measures and judicial independence policies. Despite efforts towards strengthening constitutionalism and rule of law, there remains substantial room for improvement in ensuring accountability and transparency within government institutions. Enhanced monitoring mechanisms should be implemented to ensure compliance with existing laws and regulations. Judicial training programmes are also recommended to improve the efficiency and impartiality of legal proceedings.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Accounting War Crimes in Congolese International Legal Landscape
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has faced numerous conflicts and war crimes over the years, leading to a complex legal landscape where international criminal law intersects with domestic legal systems. The review employs a critical analysis approach, examining case studies, legal scholarship, and policy documents to assess how international criminal law is implemented and enforced in DRC’s judicial system. There has been an increase in the number of war crimes prosecutions initiated by both national courts and international tribunals post-, particularly focusing on perpetrators from former rebel groups and government officials involved in conflicts since the mid-1990s. While there is a growing trend towards accountability for war crimes, challenges persist such as limited resources, political interference, and insufficient victim participation, necessitating further legal reforms and international support. Policy recommendations include strengthening judicial independence, enhancing cooperation between national and international justice systems, and increasing public awareness of the importance of prosecuting war crimes.
Community Health Worker Programmes in Maternal Mortality Reduction
Community health worker (CHW) programmes are integral to maternal mortality reduction strategies in many developing countries. The analysis employs a longitudinal study design using secondary data from government health records and community surveys conducted over five years. Despite initial challenges such as inadequate funding and training, CHW programmes demonstrated substantial potential for improving maternal health outcomes. Rwanda should prioritise sustained financial support and continuous professional development for its CHW initiatives to further enhance their impact on maternal mortality reduction.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Innovative Legal Aid Delivery Models in Sierra Leone
Legal aid in remote villages of Sierra Leone is often underfunded and inaccessible due to geographical challenges. A mixed-methods approach combining surveys, interviews, and cost-benefit analysis was employed in the selected village. The model reduced service delivery costs by 20% through optimised resource allocation and improved efficiency. Innovative legal aid models can significantly enhance accessibility while maintaining cost-effectiveness for remote communities. Policy makers should consider replicating these models in other underserved areas of Sierra Leone.
Microfinance Transparency and Accountability
Microfinance has become a critical tool for providing financial services to small enterprises in Kenya, particularly microfinance institutions (MFIs). However, transparency and accountability measures are essential to ensure effective loan repayments. The analysis is conceptual, drawing from existing literature and case studies focusing on microfinance systems in Kenya, without empirical data collection or statistical testing. The findings suggest that more transparent and accountable microfinance systems can substantially improve the efficacy of loan repayments, thereby enhancing overall operational efficiency and trust between MFIs and their clients. MFIs in Kenya should prioritise the implementation of robust transparency and accountability measures to enhance financial performance and client satisfaction. This includes establishing clear reporting structures and regular communication channels with borrowers.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urban Farming Communities' Adoption Rates of Smart Agriculture Technologies in Lagos, Nigeria
Urban farming in Lagos, Nigeria has gained prominence as a sustainable solution to food security challenges. Smart agriculture technologies offer potential solutions for enhancing productivity and efficiency. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a survey questionnaire distributed to 200 urban farmers across various locations in Lagos. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The survey revealed that 78% of respondents adopted at least one smart agriculture technology, with drip irrigation systems being the most popular among them (35%). Urban farming communities in Lagos show a significant interest and initial success in adopting smart agriculture technologies. Further research is recommended to explore long-term impacts. Investment in infrastructure for smart agriculture should be prioritised, alongside educational programmes on technology usage among urban farmers. urban farming, Lagos, smart agriculture, adoption rates, performance outcomes
Urban Women Entrepreneurs' Access to Microcredit
Urban women entrepreneurs in Lagos, Nigeria face significant barriers to accessing microcredit due to inadequate legal support and enforcement. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative survey data collected from a purposive sample of 150 urban women entrepreneurs across various sectors. Microcredit access was found to be significantly hindered by ambiguous legal definitions of microenterprise and lack of specific regulations for women's economic empowerment, as evidenced by a survey response proportion of 42% indicating inadequate legal support. Legal frameworks need reform to better accommodate the unique challenges faced by urban women entrepreneurs in Lagos. The government should revise existing laws to provide clearer definitions and specific protections for microenterprise owners, with particular emphasis on gender-specific provisions. Microcredit, Urban Women Entrepreneurs, Legal Frameworks, Lagos, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Assessment of Competition Law Frameworks in East African Countries
The East African Community (EAC) comprises six countries sharing a common market, including Ethiopia. Competition law within this region is crucial for ensuring fair competition and protecting consumers. The research employs an interpretative approach, analysing existing laws, regulations, and case studies from Ethiopia and other EAC member states. Interviews were conducted with legal practitioners and policymakers to gather insights. A notable finding was the absence of a unified competition law framework across all EAC countries, highlighting inconsistencies in enforcement practices. The study underscores the need for harmonization of laws and increased collaboration among member states to strengthen the region's competitive landscape. Recommendations include developing comprehensive competition legislation, enhancing enforcement mechanisms, and fostering regional cooperation. East African Community, Competition Law, Ethiopia, Harmonization
Intellectual Property Law and Technology Transfer in Senegalese Universities
Intellectual Property (IP) law in Africa is increasingly recognised for its role in fostering innovation and technology transfer within universities. Senegal’s higher education sector, while growing, faces challenges in effectively leveraging IP to support technological advancements. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with faculty members, administrators, and students from three selected universities. Document review of IP-related laws and university policies was also conducted to complement the qualitative data. The analysis revealed that while a comprehensive legal framework exists for IP rights in Senegal, its implementation varies significantly across institutions, often leading to inconsistent application and understanding among stakeholders. This study highlights the need for more structured training programmes on IP law within universities and improved coordination between legal departments and academic units to enhance technology transfer practices. Universities should prioritise capacity building in IP law education and develop collaborative mechanisms with industrial partners to facilitate technological innovation. Simultaneously, policymakers must review current laws and encourage their alignment with international best practices.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microfinance Institutions' Policy Analysis in Accra
Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) play a crucial role in providing financial services to low-income individuals and microenterprises in Accra, Ghana. No empirical results are provided; instead, a conceptual analysis will be employed to explore the potential impacts and mechanisms through which MFIs could influence employment in the region. This theoretical framework underscores the importance of supportive policies for MFIs to maximise employment benefits and contribute more effectively to local development goals. Future research should consider empirical studies to validate these insights and propose targeted policy interventions based on this analysis.
Rural Maternal Health Improvement Through Community Health Worker Programmes
Maternal health in rural areas of Rwanda has been a focus for development interventions aimed at improving healthcare access and quality. The research employs longitudinal data analysis techniques to examine CHW initiatives implemented between and across different regions of Rwanda. The study uses quantitative methods including regression models and thematic content analysis of community feedback surveys. CHWs reported a significant improvement in prenatal care utilization, with a 30% increase in mothers attending at least four antenatal visits compared to pre-programme levels. Community health worker programmes have been effective in increasing maternal healthcare access and quality, though regional variations suggest the need for tailored interventions. Rural policymakers should prioritise CHW training programmes that emphasise communication skills and community engagement. Future research could explore the long-term sustainability of these programmes.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Legal Perceptions and Practices in East Africa
This commentary focuses on the legal landscape surrounding refugees and asylum seekers in Senegal within the broader context of East Africa's refugee policies. A review of existing laws, judicial decisions, and international treaties relevant to refugee law in East Africa. Current practices often fail to adequately protect vulnerable groups, particularly those fleeing conflict or persecution. Recommendations aim at strengthening legal protections and improving administrative processes. The establishment of a dedicated refugee unit within the Ministry of Interior is recommended to streamline decision-making, improve service delivery, and enhance accountability.
Longitudinal Evaluation of Community Health Worker Programmes in Tuberculosis Prevention
Community health worker (CHW) programmes have been implemented in South African townships to combat tuberculosis (TB), a significant public health issue. A longitudinal study was conducted with qualitative interviews and surveys among community members and healthcare providers to assess programme impact. CHWs reported a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of completed health check-ups per household from baseline to follow-up, indicating enhanced engagement and service uptake. The findings suggest that CHW programmes can effectively enhance TB prevention efforts when tailored to local contexts and augmented with community support mechanisms. Further research should explore scalable interventions for broader implementation of CHWs in South African townships. Community Health Workers, Tuberculosis Prevention, Community Engagement, Longitudinal Study
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Corporate Compliance under Environmental Law in Nigeria
Corporate compliance under environmental law is a critical issue in Nigeria's legal framework, where enforcement mechanisms are often weak and corporate accountability remains elusive. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather insights into the challenges faced by Nigerian corporations regarding environmental compliance. The survey revealed that only 35% of surveyed companies reported adhering strictly to all environmental regulations, with significant discrepancies observed in enforcement practices across different industries. Despite efforts at national and local levels, there is a notable gap between legislative provisions and actual implementation, highlighting the need for enhanced regulatory oversight and corporate accountability measures. Policy makers are urged to strengthen environmental legislation and enforcement mechanisms, while corporations should be encouraged to adopt more stringent internal compliance protocols.
Criminal Justice Reforms and Pre-Trial Detention in Uganda
Pre-trial detention is a significant issue in Uganda's criminal justice system, contributing to high incarceration rates and undermining fair trials. The research employs a mixed-methods approach including surveys and interviews with judges, prosecutors, defence attorneys, and incarcerated individuals. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Recent reforms have led to a reduction in pre-trial detention by an average of 25% among defendants who are charged but not yet convicted. While the reforms show promise, there is still room for improvement, particularly in addressing systemic issues that contribute to prolonged detention. Further research should focus on understanding and mitigating factors contributing to pre-trial detention. Policy recommendations include enhancing alternative measures such as conditional release schemes.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities Framework for Post-Conflict Law in Tanzania's African Context
Theoretical Framework for Post-Conflict Law in Tanzania A theoretical framework approach grounded in literature review and comparative analysis of international best practices. This framework highlights strategic areas where law can support sustainable peace and development in post-conflict settings. Policy recommendations include fostering judicial independence, enhancing community engagement in legal processes, and promoting cross-sectoral collaboration for comprehensive recovery efforts.
Adoption Rates and Yield Gains of Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Rainfed Maize Farming in Northern Nigeria
This study examines the adoption rates and yield gains of sustainable agriculture practices in rainfed maize farming among smallholder farmers in northern Nigeria. A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews with 50 maize farmers in northern Nigeria was conducted from to . Data were analysed using thematic analysis methods. Farmers showed a gradual increase in adoption rates over the three-year period, particularly for water conservation techniques such as mulching and crop rotation. Sustainable practices led to significant yield gains of up to 30% in some farms despite initial skepticism among farmers regarding long-term benefits. Government policies should incentivize sustainable agriculture through subsidies and extension services, while farmers need training on best management practices.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This study examines the Moroccan legal framework in Africa, focusing on its impact on banking law. A survey research approach was employed, involving interviews with legal experts and regulatory bodies to gather insights into current practices and future directions. The findings indicate a significant increase (30%) in the number of new laws enacted since that specifically address banking regulations. Themes include enhanced consumer protection and stricter anti-money laundering measures. Morocco's legal framework has evolved to better align with international best practices, particularly in areas such as transparency and accountability within financial institutions. Future research should focus on evaluating the practical effectiveness of these new laws and their impact on economic growth and stability in Morocco.
Adapting Eco-Friendly Technologies to Tanzanian Maize Farmers
Eco-friendly agriculture technologies have emerged as a promising solution to enhance crop productivity in developing countries like Tanzania, where traditional farming methods often lead to environmental degradation and yield stagnation. The study employs a qualitative approach to gather insights from farmer interviews and community surveys conducted across selected regions in Tanzania. The findings suggest that while eco-friendly agricultural innovations face challenges related to initial investment costs, they offer substantial potential for increasing productivity in Tanzanian maize farming communities. Policy makers should consider subsidizing the adoption of these technologies and providing training programmes to facilitate better integration into local farming practices.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption Rates and Productivity Gains of Eco-Friendly Agriculture Technologies Among Maize Farmers in Tanzanian Villages
Eco-friendly agriculture technologies have gained traction globally as a means to enhance crop productivity while reducing environmental impact. In Tanzania, where agricultural practices are predominantly traditional and resource-intensive, there is potential for adoption of such technologies among maize farmers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving a survey of 200 maize farmers across four selected villages. Data collection included both quantitative (using structured questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews). The survey revealed that 65% of respondents were willing to adopt new technologies, with solar-powered irrigation systems being the most popular. Qualitative insights suggested that cost considerations and lack of technical expertise were significant barriers. While initial adoption rates are promising, further research is needed to address identified challenges and facilitate sustainable technology diffusion among Tanzanian maize farmers. Policy makers should consider subsidizing technology costs and providing training programmes to enhance the uptake of eco-friendly agriculture technologies. Agricultural extension services could also play a crucial role in disseminating information about these innovations.
Geographic Terms: Tanzania Methodological Terms: Surveys Theoretical Concepts: Adoption Rates Institutional Factors: Socioeconomic Status Technology Adaptation: Eco-Friendly Technologies Productivity Gains: Yield Increases