Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in Kenya Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Clinical Outcomes Assessment

Urban primary care networks (UPCNs) in Kenya have been implemented to improve access to healthcare services and reduce health inequities among urban populations. A systematic review of existing studies was conducted with a focus on longitudinal data from both intervention and comparison groups. The DiD model was applied to assess changes in key health indicators over time. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in patient adherence rates by 20% (95% CI: 14-26%) in the intervention areas compared to the control areas, indicating effective implementation of UPCNs. UPCNs have demonstrated positive impacts on clinical outcomes, particularly in enhancing patient compliance with treatment regimens. Further research should explore long-term effects and cost-benefit analyses of implementing such networks in diverse urban settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.