African Commercial Law Review is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Community-Led Road Maintenance Programmes in Urban South African Infrastructure Sustainability,
Community-led road maintenance programmes have been implemented in urban South African infrastructure to enhance sustainability and community participation. The study employed a qualitative research design involving semi-structured interviews with local residents and municipal officials to gather insights into programme implementation and outcomes. Findings indicate that while the programmes have increased community participation, there is a need for better coordination between stakeholders to ensure consistent road maintenance across different areas. The study concludes that while community-led road maintenance has shown promise in South African urban contexts, continuous support and collaboration are essential for its sustained success. Recommendations include strengthening inter-agency cooperation, providing training to volunteers, and establishing long-term funding mechanisms to sustain the programmes.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities in Somali Law Post-Conflict Context
Somalia has experienced significant challenges in establishing a stable legal framework post-conflict, with ongoing issues of governance and social cohesion. This study employed semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to gather insights from legal practitioners and community leaders in Somalia. Findings indicate a high degree of resistance to new legal initiatives, particularly those related to property rights and inheritance laws. However, there is also evidence of growing interest in digitalizing legal documentation and using technology for judicial processes. The challenges identified are largely rooted in cultural norms and traditional practices, while the opportunities lie in leveraging technological advancements and international support. A phased approach to reform should prioritise addressing cultural resistance through dialogue and education, alongside the integration of digital tools for legal administration. Somalia, post-conflict law, challenges, opportunities, qualitative study
Enforcement Strategies in Kenyan Domestic Courts for Human Rights Law
Human rights law in Kenya is governed by both national legislation and international treaties, necessitating robust enforcement mechanisms within domestic courts to ensure compliance. A qualitative approach was adopted to review case law, court decisions, and relevant legal literature, focusing on recent years (-). Recent case studies reveal a significant disparity in the implementation of human rights laws, with rulings often failing to address practical challenges such as resource allocation and public awareness. The analysis highlights the need for enhanced judicial training, better resourcing of courts, and greater public engagement to improve enforcement outcomes. Recommendations include developing specialized human rights judgeships, implementing a national education campaign on human rights, and establishing clear guidelines for court procedures.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Patient Satisfaction with Telemedicine Networks in Rural Madagascar's Healthcare Services Integration
Telemedicine networks have emerged as a critical tool for integrating healthcare services in rural areas of Madagascar where access to medical facilities is limited. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients using telemedicine services, employing a structured questionnaire designed to capture demographic data, service experience, and satisfaction levels. The survey revealed that 75% of respondents were satisfied with the accessibility offered by telemedicine networks, highlighting the need for continuous improvement in network infrastructure. Despite initial challenges, patients generally perceive telemedicine as a viable alternative to traditional healthcare delivery methods. Investment should be prioritised in enhancing network connectivity and expanding service availability across remote areas of Madagascar.
Student Dropout Rates and Academic Performance in School-Based Mental Health Support Programmes
Student dropout rates in schools are a significant concern globally, especially in contexts where educational resources are limited. In Northern Ghana, school-based mental health support programmes have been implemented to address students' emotional and psychological needs, yet their effectiveness remains under-researched. This study employed qualitative research methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document review, conducted over a period of one year across three schools in Northern Ghana. Data collection focused on student interactions within the mental health support framework and their academic performance post-programme implementation. Key findings indicate that students who received mental health interventions showed modest improvements in attendance rates, with dropout rates decreasing by approximately 15% compared to pre-intervention levels. However, these benefits were not uniformly distributed across all schools or student groups. The study supports the potential of school-based mental health support programmes in mitigating academic challenges among students but highlights the need for tailored interventions and comprehensive support systems to maximise their effectiveness. Schools implementing such programmes should prioritise individualized care plans, collaborate with community stakeholders, and integrate mental health services into existing educational curricula. Policymakers are encouraged to invest in mental health resources for schools as a critical component of holistic education reform initiatives. Student Dropout Rates, Academic Performance, Mental Health Support Programmes, Northern Ghana, Ethnographic Study
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Access to Finance as a Catalyst for Women’s Entrepreneurship in Microfinance Institutions of Cape Town
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play a crucial role in providing financial services to underserved populations, particularly women entrepreneurs in Cape Town's microfinance sector. A comprehensive literature review will be conducted to analyse existing theories and case studies related to gender, finance, and entrepreneurship in the microfinance sector. This theoretical framework underscores the importance of tailored financing solutions for female entrepreneurs in MFIs, highlighting themes such as loan size, repayment terms, and interest rates that affect women’s business outcomes. MFIs should consider implementing gender-specific lending criteria and offering flexible repayment options to better serve women entrepreneurs.
Comparative Examination of Competition Law Frameworks Across EAC Countries in Africa, with Focus on Algeria's Legal Landscape
The East African Community (EAC) is a regional economic community in Africa comprising six countries: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and South Sudan. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to analyse primary legal documents, secondary sources such as reports and academic articles, and expert interviews to gather data on competition laws across EAC countries, with a particular emphasis on Algeria's regulatory framework post-. The analysis revealed that while all EAC member states have established competition authorities, the enforcement mechanisms vary significantly in terms of penalties and judicial procedures, reflecting diverse economic conditions and legal traditions. This study highlights the importance of harmonizing competition laws within the EAC to ensure fair market practices and promote economic integration among member countries. The regulatory bodies are recommended to develop a unified enforcement strategy that incorporates best practices from across the region, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of competition law in promoting sustainable economic growth.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Jurisprudence in African Regions
This article explores comparative jurisprudence within African regions, focusing on Lesotho's legal landscape. No empirical results are presented; the article employs an analytical approach to theorize about Lesotho’s legal environment. The theoretical insights provided offer a foundational understanding for scholars and practitioners interested in African comparative law. Further empirical research is suggested to validate these theoretical propositions.
This study explores the role of youth in law reform within Morocco's legal context. A mixed methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys was employed. Data collection spanned over two years, capturing both perceptions and practices related to youth engagement in legal processes. Youth participants reported a significant preference (85%) for legal information provided through social media platforms compared to traditional channels like radio broadcasts. The findings highlight the importance of integrating digital communication methods into youth engagement strategies to enhance their participation in law reform efforts. Policy makers are advised to leverage social media and other online platforms as primary means for disseminating legal information to young people.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Localized Educational Technology for Vision Impaired Children in Dar es Salaam Slums
Localized educational technology for vision-impaired children in Dar es Salaam slums is an underexplored area within the field of law and policy analysis. This study employs a qualitative approach to review relevant laws, regulations, and international best practices related to educational inclusivity, supplemented by case studies from similar contexts around the world. Findings indicate that while there are legal frameworks supporting education for all children, practical implementation in slum areas is often lacking due to resource constraints and technological inadequacy. Localized technological solutions can significantly improve educational outcomes for visually impaired children by addressing both accessibility and cost-efficiency issues. Recommendations include the development of a national policy on accessible educational technology, provision of financial incentives for schools adopting these technologies, and fostering collaboration between tech developers and education authorities.
Criminal Justice System Reforms and Pre-Trial Detention in Uganda
Uganda's criminal justice system has faced challenges in reducing pre-trial detention, leading to legal and human rights concerns. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a review of existing literature and interviews with stakeholders from various sectors involved in the criminal justice process. Findings indicate that while some reforms have led to shorter detention periods for certain cases, there is still significant room for improvement, particularly in enforcing compliance across different levels of the system. The empirical analysis suggests that further targeted interventions and monitoring mechanisms are needed to effectively reduce pre-trial detention durations and improve overall justice outcomes. Stakeholders should collaborate more closely on implementing reforms consistently and ensuring their enforcement, with a focus on training for judges and prosecutors in applying new protocols.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Justice and Legal Empowerment in Rural Uganda
Gender justice and legal empowerment are critical issues in rural Uganda where women often face significant barriers to accessing formal legal protections. The theoretical framework proposes innovative pathways to enhance gender justice in rural areas by integrating traditional knowledge into modern legal systems.
Gender Dynamics in Legal Practices within Sub-Saharan Africa
Gender dynamics play a significant role in legal practices across Sub-Saharan Africa, influencing how laws are applied and interpreted in daily life. This study focuses on Tanzania to explore these gender dimensions within the context of commercial law. Data collection involved participant observation, semi-structured interviews with key informants including judges, lawyers, and small business owners, as well as document analysis of court decisions and commercial contracts. Ethnographic methods were employed to gain insight into local legal practices and cultural contexts. This study identified a significant disparity in the application of gender-neutral laws; women often face challenges accessing justice due to prevailing patriarchal norms that discourage their participation in formal legal processes, particularly in high-stakes commercial cases. For instance, only 30% of litigants seeking court intervention were female. The findings suggest a need for legal education and awareness campaigns targeting both practitioners and clients to promote gender equality within the Tanzanian legal system. Policy recommendations include integrating gender-sensitive training into law school curricula and encouraging the judiciary to incorporate gender considerations in its rulings. Additionally, promoting female entrepreneurship through mentorship programmes is recommended to empower women economically and legally.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Labour Law Implementation and Workers' Rights in Zambia's Informal Economy
Labour law implementation in Zambia's informal economy is a critical but under-researched area, highlighting significant gaps in workers' rights protection. The study employed participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, and a questionnaire survey among informal workers to gather comprehensive data. Informal workers reported significant challenges with wage arrears (45%) and lack of social protection benefits such as healthcare (32%). Current labour laws are insufficiently applied in the informal sector, leading to widespread violations of workers' rights. Zambian authorities should urgently strengthen enforcement mechanisms and extend social protections to cover all sectors, including informal economy workers.
Constitutional Review Processes and Ethiopian Democratic Consolidation Redux
This study examines constitutional review processes in Ethiopia, focusing on their impact on democratic consolidation. Conducted through a structured survey among legal experts and policymakers, exploring perceptions and outcomes of constitutional reviews over the last decade. Survey results indicate that while there has been significant progress in drafting new constitutions, ongoing challenges include balancing judicial independence with legislative oversight during review processes. While Ethiopia's democratic trajectory is promising, persistent issues related to constitutionality checks require further attention and reform to ensure sustainable democratic consolidation. Enhanced transparency in the constitutional review process and strengthening judicial independence are recommended as key steps towards improving democratic governance.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Legal Landscape of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in East Africa
This study examines the legal framework governing refugees and asylum seekers in Senegal within the broader context of East Africa. A qualitative approach was adopted by reviewing legal documents, scholarly articles, and international guidelines. Comparative law analysis was employed to synthesize findings from Senegal with other East African countries. Recent legislative changes in Senegal have introduced a more structured framework for asylum applications, though gaps remain concerning integration policies and socio-economic support. The legal landscape is evolving but requires further consolidation to ensure compliance with international standards. Senegalese authorities should enhance integration programmes to better accommodate refugees and address their socioeconomic needs. International cooperation in this area remains crucial.
Healthcare Utilization Among Senegalese Migrants in Paris
Healthcare services in Paris are crucial for migrants, including Senegalese individuals who often face language barriers and cultural differences. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a sample size of 200 Senegalese migrants, using structured questionnaires to gather data on healthcare utilization rates and patient experiences. Senegalese migrants reported lower quality care in terms of language barriers, timely appointments, and follow-up services compared to their French counterparts, indicating a need for improvement in service provision. The findings highlight the importance of addressing cultural and linguistic gaps in healthcare delivery to enhance patient satisfaction and equity among Senegalese migrants in Paris. Healthcare providers should implement language-assisted services and culturally sensitive care models to improve quality of care for Senegalese migrants.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
E-commerce Strategies for Ethiopian Local Farmers
E-commerce platforms have emerged as a significant avenue for small-scale farmers to expand their market reach beyond traditional channels in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 randomly selected local farmers operating in Addis Ababa. Data collection included online questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Among respondents, 65% reported increased sales through e-commerce platforms over the past year. Customer satisfaction with product quality and delivery speed was notably high at 82% The study underscores the potential of e-commerce for enhancing market access and improving profitability for Ethiopian local farmers. Local governments should provide more support in formulating policies that foster e-commerce adoption among small-scale farmers.
Comparative Legal Dynamics in African Regions Within Egypt
Recent legal reforms in Egypt have influenced neighboring African regions, prompting a comparative analysis of legal dynamics across these areas. This study employs thematic content analysis on secondary data from scholarly articles, government reports, and regional legal documents. Egyptian legal principles have significantly influenced the legislative frameworks of several African nations, particularly in areas such as commercial law and intellectual property rights. The comparative examination reveals a complex interplay between Egyptian jurisprudence and its continental neighbors, highlighting both convergence and divergence in legal practices. Further empirical research should be conducted to validate these findings and explore potential implications for regional integration efforts.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Legal Status of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in East Africa
The Central African Republic (CAR) faces challenges in managing its refugee and asylum seeker populations within its legal framework. A qualitative approach was employed to review existing laws, policies, and case law related to refugee and asylum procedures in CAR. The analysis reveals a significant proportion (25%) of applications for refugee status are being rejected due to insufficient documentation provided by applicants. While the CAR legal system has established frameworks for dealing with refugees and asylum seekers, it faces challenges in implementation and enforcement. Enhancing administrative support for applicants and improving data collection systems are recommended to improve application outcomes.