African Constitutional Law Journal is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
This study examines access to justice for vulnerable populations in urban slums of Eswatini. A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with community members and key informants in urban slums of Eswatini. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes. Interviews revealed that traditional dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation by local elders, are widely used but often not recognised or supported by formal legal systems. Government support programmes for vulnerable populations are underutilized due to lack of awareness and accessibility issues. The study highlights the importance of integrating traditional justice practices into formal legal frameworks and improving access to government support programmes for urban slum dwellers. Policy recommendations include strengthening community engagement in legal reforms, enhancing visibility and outreach of government support services, and developing culturally sensitive training for mediators.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Legal Systems in Egyptian Contexts
This study examines the legal systems in Egypt within the broader context of African constitutional law, focusing on comparative perspectives. A comparative research approach was employed, involving a literature review and case studies from selected African nations to identify shared legal principles and divergent practices within Egyptian law. Findings indicate that while there are notable similarities in constitutional structures across the region, Egypt exhibits unique features influenced by historical and cultural contexts. The study concludes with insights into how these comparative analyses can inform future legal reforms in Egypt and contribute to a more unified African legal landscape. Recommendations include fostering regional cooperation on legal education and promoting harmonization of laws across borders for mutual benefit. Comparative Law, Egyptian Contexts, Constitutional Structures, Legal Systems, Africa
Transitional Justice Mechanisms and Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone
Transitional justice mechanisms (TJM) have been employed in Sierra Leone to address past human rights violations and promote peacebuilding following the end of a decade-long civil war. The study employs structured interviews with key stakeholders including government officials, NGOs, and community leaders. Quantitative data is collected through a Likert scale questionnaire administered across various regions in Sierra Leone. Findings indicate that while TJM have significantly improved societal trust in the justice system (85% of respondents), challenges persist such as resource constraints and public skepticism about their efficacy. Despite these challenges, transitional justice mechanisms remain a critical component for fostering peace and reconciliation in Sierra Leone. Further investment is recommended to enhance community engagement and address persistent public doubts regarding the effectiveness of TJM.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Medication Compliance among Women with HIV/AIDS in Lesotho's Capricorn District
This study examines medication compliance among women living with HIV/AIDS in Lesotho's Capricorn District, focusing on long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys was employed to gather data from 150 women patients and their caregivers over two years. Data revealed a compliance rate of approximately 75%, with significant variations in adherence related to socio-economic status, education levels, and access to healthcare facilities. Themes identified included stigma, cost, and availability of medications. The study concludes that while medication non-adherence remains prevalent, targeted interventions addressing social determinants can improve ART compliance among women living with HIV/AIDS. Recommendations include community-based education programmes, financial support for patients, and enhanced collaboration between healthcare providers and government agencies to reduce barriers to treatment access.
Human Rights Violations in Resource Extraction Projects in Nigeria
Resource extraction projects in Nigeria have been associated with significant human rights violations, highlighting the need for policy intervention to mitigate these impacts. The analysis employs a critical review of existing laws and regulations related to resource extraction and human rights protection. Stakeholder perspectives are also considered through interviews with affected communities and industry representatives. Human rights violations such as forced displacement, environmental degradation, and labour exploitation have occurred in various regions, affecting predominantly indigenous populations and leading to significant socio-economic disruptions. Current legal frameworks inadequately address the human rights dimensions of resource extraction, necessitating a comprehensive review and reform to ensure compliance with international standards. Policies should include stricter enforcement mechanisms for existing laws, enhanced community participation in decision-making processes related to resource projects, and improved compensation schemes for affected individuals.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Legal Status of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in East Africa
Recent waves of refugees and asylum seekers have significantly impacted East African countries, including Kenya, necessitating a comprehensive review of their legal status. A mixed methods approach combining semi-structured interviews with legal experts, policy makers, and community leaders with a national survey of refugee camps. Data was analysed using thematic coding for qualitative insights and statistical testing for quantifiable results. The findings indicate that while Kenya has robust legal protections in place, significant gaps remain in implementation, particularly concerning access to education and healthcare for refugees. This study highlights the need for enhanced enforcement mechanisms and policy alignment between national laws and international treaties to ensure equitable treatment of refugees and asylum seekers. The government should prioritise legal reforms and allocate resources towards implementing existing protections. Enhanced collaboration with non-governmental organizations is also recommended.
Adoption Outcomes of Sustainable Agriculture Extension Programmes among Smallholder Farmers in Mozambique's Rural Drylands,
The adoption of sustainable agriculture extension programmes among smallholder farmers in Mozambique's rural drylands is critical for enhancing food security and environmental sustainability. This study employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather data from over 150 smallholder farmers in Mozambique's rural drylands A notable theme emerged regarding the importance of community-based training sessions for effective programme uptake, with a proportion of 64% of surveyed farmers attributing their adoption to such programmes. The analysis reveals that tailored extension strategies are essential for fostering farmer engagement and sustainable agricultural practices in Mozambique’s rural drylands. Implementing community-led training initiatives is recommended as a key strategy to improve the efficacy of future sustainable agriculture extension programmes in Mozambique.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Criminal Justice System Reforms and Reducing Pre-Trial Detention in Uganda
Uganda's criminal justice system includes pre-trial detention as a common practice, which can significantly impact defendants' rights and public perception of fairness. The theoretical framework will draw on literature reviews, comparative analysis, and expert consultations to identify potential reforms. The theoretical framework identifies key areas such as procedural fairness, timely case management, and alternative measures that could reduce reliance on pre-trial detention without compromising justice outcomes. Recommendations include implementing mandatory time limits for pre-trial detention reviews, enhancing judicial training in prompt decision-making, and exploring community-based alternatives to incarceration.
Constitutional Review and Democratic Consolidation in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe has experienced a series of constitutional reviews aimed at consolidating its democratic institutions since gaining independence in . The analysis draws from existing literature, official government documents, and secondary data sources to assess the effectiveness of these reviews in enhancing democratic practices and addressing past challenges. While the reviews have made strides towards greater democratic governance, persistent issues such as political interference remain. Recommendations focus on enhancing transparency in appointment processes and strengthening oversight bodies. The government should prioritise transparent appointment procedures for judicial positions to rebuild public trust and ensure fair representation across all sectors of society. Additionally, bolstering the independence of oversight bodies is crucial for effective governance and accountability.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Analysis of Competition Law Frameworks in East African Community Countries
This article examines the competition law frameworks in East African Community (EAC) countries from a theoretical perspective with a specific focus on Benin's legal system. This theoretical exploration employs a comparative legal framework approach, drawing on existing legislation, judicial decisions, and secondary sources from Benin and other EAC member states to analyse the competition laws within this region. The analysis underscores the need for harmonization efforts to ensure consistent legal practices within the EAC region, particularly concerning enforcement mechanisms. This theoretical framework aims to inform future policy discussions aimed at achieving greater uniformity in competition law across Benin and its EAC partners. Recommendations include advocating for a regional conference on competition laws among EAC countries to discuss potential harmonization efforts and the establishment of a joint regulatory body to oversee enforcement practices.
Microfinance's Role in Enhancing Financial Inclusion and Empowerment Amongst Senegalese Female Fishermen
Microfinance initiatives have been introduced in various contexts to address financial inclusion and empowerment among marginalized groups, such as female fishers. This study aims to explore these effects specifically within Senegalese communities. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 30 female fishers, document review, and participatory observation. The study employs thematic analysis to interpret qualitative data. Findings indicate that microfinance programmes have significantly enhanced the financial stability of participating women by providing access to capital for small-scale investments in their fishing enterprises (85% reported improved business liquidity). The findings suggest that microfinance can be an effective tool for promoting financial inclusion and empowerment among female Senegalese fishermen, contributing to sustainable economic development. Future research should consider scaling up these programmes with targeted interventions to ensure broader coverage and long-term sustainability. Policymakers should also explore ways to integrate microfinance into existing social safety nets.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microfinance Institutions' Impact on Financial Literacy Among Rural Female Farmers in Eritrea's Dry Regions
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) are increasingly recognised for their role in enhancing financial literacy among rural populations, particularly women farmers who often face unique challenges accessing traditional banking services. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather data from 200 randomly selected female farmers across the targeted region. Data collection took place over three phases: baseline (pre-intervention), mid-term (midway intervention), and post-intervention (conclusion). Initial findings suggest a statistically significant increase of 35% in financial literacy scores among participants, particularly in areas such as budgeting and credit utilization. Qualitative insights highlighted the importance of ongoing support and tailored training programmes. The twelve-month intervention demonstrated promising results in enhancing financial literacy among female farmers in Eritrea's dry regions. These findings underscore the potential for MFIs to play a crucial role in empowering rural communities, especially women, through targeted educational initiatives. Given these positive outcomes, it is recommended that policy makers and MFI practitioners prioritise continued support and expansion of financial literacy programmes tailored to the specific needs of female farmers in Eritrea's arid areas. Enhanced collaboration between stakeholders could further amplify these benefits.
Cyberlaw and Data Protection in Zimbabwe
Cyberlaw encompasses legal frameworks governing digital interactions, while data protection focuses on safeguarding personal information in cyberspace. In Southern Africa, Zimbabwe has established specific laws and regulations to address these issues. The analysis is based on an examination of existing legislation, court decisions, academic literature, and consultations with stakeholders. A thematic approach was employed to synthesize the information into coherent policy insights. Zimbabwe's cyberlaw framework includes specific provisions addressing data protection, but there are notable gaps in enforcement mechanisms and public awareness programmes. Despite initial progress, Zimbabwe faces challenges in effectively implementing its cyberlaw and data protection policies. Recommendations include enhancing regulatory oversight and increasing public education efforts to ensure compliance and user rights protection. To strengthen the existing framework, it is recommended that Zimbabwe implement stricter enforcement measures, improve transparency in legal processes, and expand educational initiatives aimed at both citizens and businesses.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Criminal Justice System Reforms and Pre-Trial Detention in Uganda
This study examines reforms in Uganda's criminal justice system aimed at reducing pre-trial detention periods. Qualitative research methods, including interviews with legal practitioners, court officials, and selected litigants, were employed to gather data on reform implementation and effects. Findings indicate that there is a significant reduction in the average duration of pre-trial detention from 12 months prior to reforms to approximately 6 months post-reforms, reflecting improved efficiency and judicial processes. The study concludes that while initial results are encouraging, sustained monitoring and further legal reforms are necessary for long-term effectiveness. Recommendations include ongoing evaluation of the reform measures, enhanced training for judicial staff, and possibly extending the scope of pre-trial detention review mechanisms to ensure fairer outcomes.
Success Rates of School-Sponsored Nutrition Programmes in Sierra Leonean Primary Schools
School-sponsored nutrition programmes have been implemented in Sierra Leonean primary schools to improve children's health outcomes. However, their effectiveness varies across different regions. A survey was conducted with school administrators and community members in three randomly selected districts between January and June . Data collection involved questionnaires and focus group discussions. The analysis revealed that while the programmes were well-intentioned, consistent funding and logistical support were critical for their success; only 45% of schools reported adequate resource management. Despite initial enthusiasm, implementation challenges led to inconsistent programme delivery and outcomes. Future interventions should prioritise sustainability and community engagement. District education authorities are recommended to establish robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks and engage local stakeholders in planning and execution.
Geographic Terms Related to Africa: Sub-Saharan Methodological Terms: Qualitative Research Theoretical Terms: Critical Theory Relevant Specific Research Terms: School Nutrition Programmes Evaluation Studies Primary Education Systems Policy Impact Analysis
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluating Community Health Worker Programmes on Maternal Mortality Rates in Lagos, Nigeria
Maternal mortality rates remain high in Nigeria, particularly in urban areas like Lagos. Community health worker programmes are seen as a potential solution to this issue. A longitudinal study design was employed with data collected from to . Data on maternal mortality rates and service utilization were obtained through interviews, surveys, and community health worker records. Significant reductions in maternal mortality rates were observed where community health workers provided services compared to control areas. Specific villages showed a decline of 45% in maternal deaths over the study period. Community health worker programmes appear effective in lowering maternal mortality rates, highlighting their importance for improving healthcare access and outcomes in urban settings. Further research should be conducted on scalability and sustainability of community health worker programmes across different regions to inform policy decisions. Maternal Mortality, Community Health Workers, Lagos, Nigeria, Longitudinal Study
Digital Agricultural Insurance Adoption Among Smallholder Farmers in Northern Ghana
Digital agricultural insurance has gained traction in recent years as a tool to mitigate risks faced by smallholder farmers in various parts of Africa. In northern Ghana, where agriculture is a crucial sector for livelihoods and economic development, there is potential for digital solutions to enhance the reach and impact of this insurance. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from focus group discussions and interviews. Data was collected through online platforms and in-person meetings across selected regions of northern Ghana. Digital agricultural insurance adoption among smallholder farmers is unevenly distributed; approximately 30% of surveyed farmers have enrolled in digital policies, highlighting significant disparities between different farming communities based on socio-economic factors such as education level and access to technology. The analysis reveals a promising yet challenging landscape for promoting wider adoption. Key barriers include low awareness, cost concerns, and technical literacy issues. Identified enablers encompass government support programmes and community-based initiatives. Policymakers should prioritise education campaigns targeting farmers about digital insurance benefits and accessibility options. Additionally, collaboration with tech companies to develop user-friendly platforms is recommended. Financial incentives for early adopters can also accelerate the uptake of digital solutions.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Intellectual Property Law and Its Impact on Technology Transfer at African Universities in Morocco
Intellectual Property (IP) law plays a crucial role in fostering innovation and technology transfer within African universities, particularly in Morocco where IP laws are relatively recent. The research employs a qualitative approach by analysing existing laws, academic publications, and interviews with key stakeholders such as university administrators and researchers. A thematic analysis of these sources is conducted to identify common themes and gaps in the current legal landscape. A notable finding is the significant underutilization of IP rights for technology transfer projects, often due to unclear guidelines and insufficient incentives provided by law. The existing IP regulations need to be better aligned with practical needs to facilitate more effective technology transfer at Moroccan universities. Recommendations include simplifying legal procedures and increasing financial support for such initiatives. Develop clear guidelines for the enforcement of IP rights in technology transfer projects, enhance collaboration between universities and private sector entities to leverage resources effectively, and provide subsidies or tax incentives for universities engaged in innovation activities.
Comparative Legal Practices in Rwandan Ethnic Communities
Rwanda's ethnic diversity is a significant feature of its society, influencing various aspects including legal practices. Ethnographic studies were conducted in three major ethnic groups: Hutu, Tutsi, and Hima. Participants included traditional leaders, community members, and local lawyers. Data collection involved interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. Traditional justice systems show significant variations between the communities, with Hutu relying more on customary law while Tutsi and Hima have a stronger influence of colonial-era legal frameworks. While traditional practices vary, they collectively emphasise community cohesion and conflict resolution mechanisms that are integral to Rwandan constitutional law. Policy makers should consider the diversity of legal traditions when implementing national laws and promoting inclusive justice systems. Ethnographic research can provide valuable insights for harmonizing local and national legal frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Apps in Rural Water Point Maintenance
Mobile apps are increasingly used to enhance various services in rural communities worldwide. In Ethiopia, where access to clean water is a critical issue, mobile technology has been explored as a means to improve maintenance of water points. The study employs qualitative interviews with community members, local government officials, and technicians who use mobile apps for maintenance purposes. Data analysis focuses on themes related to app usage, technical issues, and user engagement. While mobile apps offer a promising avenue for improving rural water point maintenance, ongoing support and user education are crucial for sustainable adoption and effectiveness. Communities should be provided with ongoing technical support to mitigate app-related issues. Training programmes should include both community members and local officials to ensure widespread understanding and use of the technology.