African Criminal Law Review is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Transitional Justice Mechanisms and Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone
Transitional justice mechanisms (TJM) have been employed in Sierra Leone following a decade of civil war to address past atrocities and promote peacebuilding. This study employs a critical discourse analysis of official documents and secondary literature to synthesize existing knowledge on TJM and peacebuilding in the region. This theoretical framework highlights the challenges and opportunities for integrating TJM into broader peacebuilding strategies in Sierra Leone. Future research should focus on evaluating specific TJM interventions more rigorously and exploring their impact on long-term societal integration.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The eradication of polio in Northern Nigeria has been a significant public health challenge due to under-immunization and community resistance. A comparative study involving pre- and post-campaign data collection from selected communities across Northern Nigeria, employing quantitative analysis to measure changes in vaccination uptake. Post-campaign vaccination rates increased by 25% among children aged under five years, reflecting a clear positive impact of mobilization efforts on immunization coverage. Community mobilization campaigns significantly improved polio eradication outcomes through enhanced public awareness and active participation in health initiatives. Continue and expand community engagement strategies to sustain high vaccination rates and address remaining challenges such as misinformation and logistical barriers.
Labour Law in Ethiopia's Informal Economy
The review examines labour law in Ethiopia's informal economy to assess workers' rights and challenges. An analytical approach was employed, focusing on legal texts and secondary data sources relevant to Ethiopia's labour law framework and its application within the informal economy. The analysis reveals that while some provisions exist, enforcement of these laws is weak, particularly regarding wage arrears and occupational safety standards in the informal sector. Despite existing legal frameworks, significant challenges persist in ensuring fair labour practices for workers in Ethiopia’s informal economy. Enhanced compliance monitoring mechanisms and targeted training programmes for enforcement agencies are recommended to address identified issues effectively.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This study examines the implementation of solar microgrids in off-grid villages of Senegal to explore how they improve energy access and economic conditions. Qualitative research methods were employed including in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis to gather data from various stakeholders across Senegalese villages with solar microgrids installed. Solar microgrids have significantly enhanced electricity reliability, with a reported average of 95% uptime, leading to substantial cost savings for households and businesses. Employment generation through micro-enterprise activities is also notable, with an estimated 20% increase in local job opportunities. The findings suggest that solar microgrids are pivotal in improving energy access and economic vitality in Senegalese villages, offering a sustainable model for off-grid electrification. Government policies should incentivize the adoption of solar microgrids by providing subsidies or tax benefits. Community engagement programmes should be developed to ensure long-term sustainability and widespread use.
Local Community Rights and Natural Resource Governance in DRC
Natural resource governance in DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) and Chad is crucial for sustainable development, yet local communities often lack legal protections over their resources. This paper examines how these countries' legal frameworks address local community rights within natural resource management. A comparative analysis will be conducted using secondary data from legal texts, policy documents, and academic literature. The analysis aims to identify how these countries' laws enable or restrict local communities in managing natural resources. In both DRC and Chad, there is a notable gap between the legal provisions that should protect local communities and the actual implementation of these protections on the ground, suggesting a need for stronger enforcement mechanisms and community engagement strategies. This study underscores the importance of aligning legal frameworks with practical realities to ensure effective natural resource governance at the local level. Recommendations include strengthening legal safeguards and enhancing community participation in decision-making processes. Local governments should prioritise the development of detailed implementation guidelines that integrate legal provisions with community needs, while civil society organizations should advocate for more robust enforcement mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Reviewing Senegalese Constitutional Review Processes within the Dynamics of Democratic Consolidation
Senegal has experienced significant political reforms since gaining independence in , with its legal system evolving to reflect these changes. Constitutional review processes play a crucial role in consolidating democracy by ensuring that laws and policies align with the constitution. The analysis draws on existing literature and legal documents to assess the frequency, content, and outcomes of constitutional reviews in Senegal. It also evaluates how these processes have influenced legislative and judicial decisions. Senegalese constitutional review bodies have reviewed approximately 20% of all laws enacted since independence, with a notable increase in recent years due to heightened public awareness and government commitment to constitutional integrity. While Senegal's constitutional review processes are not perfect, they demonstrate progress towards democratic consolidation. The review highlights the need for more comprehensive oversight mechanisms and increased public participation. Future efforts should focus on enhancing transparency in the review process and increasing public engagement through education campaigns and accessible information dissemination.
Enforcement Mechanisms in Domestic Courts of Kenya
This study examines the enforcement mechanisms for human rights law in domestic courts of Kenya. A survey was conducted among a sample of judges, lawyers, and court staff to gather insights into their experiences and perceptions regarding enforcement processes in human rights cases. The findings indicate that while there is some variation in the application of legal remedies across different courts, judicial discretion significantly influences outcomes. Specifically, 60% of respondents reported instances where judges used their discretionary powers to mitigate harsher judgments. Despite challenges such as limited resources and procedural inefficiencies, judicial discretion plays a crucial role in ensuring human rights compliance within the Kenyan legal system. Recommendations include enhancing judicial training on human rights law, improving court infrastructure, and promoting public awareness of their rights to facilitate better enforcement mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microinsurance Coverage among Small-Scale Fishermen in Lake Victoria Basin Fisheries, Uganda 2007
Microinsurance coverage is a critical tool for risk management in vulnerable sectors such as small-scale fisheries, where unpredictable environmental factors significantly impact livelihoods and economic stability. This research employed a mixed-methods approach involving both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with stakeholders, including fishermen, local government officials, and micro-insurance providers. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews over a period of six months. The findings indicate that only 35% of surveyed fishermen have access to any form of insurance, highlighting significant gaps in coverage. Barriers identified include high premiums, perceived lack of financial need, and limited awareness about available options. Despite these challenges, the study suggests potential for expanding microinsurance by targeting specific groups such as female-led fishing households and those operating during peak seasons when risks are higher. Recommendations include developing community-based insurance programmes tailored to local needs, subsidizing premiums for vulnerable groups, and enhancing awareness campaigns through local media channels. Microinsurance, Small-scale fishermen, Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
Customary Law and Statutory Law in Family Matters
Customary law plays a significant role in family matters across Ghana's legal framework, often operating alongside statutory laws to address diverse social and cultural needs. Qualitative research methods were employed, including interviews with legal practitioners, community leaders, and family members to gather insights into how customary and statutory laws are applied in practice. A key finding is the existence of significant overlap where both systems coexist within specific communities, though there remains a notable divergence in areas such as divorce and inheritance rights. The findings suggest that while customary law often prevails over statutory law in certain contexts, it is crucial to understand how these two legal frameworks can be harmonized for more effective dispute resolution in family matters. Recommendations include the development of a comprehensive legal education programme to enhance understanding and respect for both customary and statutory laws among different stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Finance Adoption and Credit Utilization Among Smallholder Farmers in South Sudan
Digital finance services have emerged as a critical tool for smallholder farmers in South Sudan to enhance their economic resilience and access to credit. A mixed-methods approach involving surveys, focus groups, and secondary data analysis was employed to gather insights from a diverse sample representative of South Sudan's agricultural sector. Digital finance adoption rates were notably higher among younger farmers (aged 25-40) with access to smartphones, indicating an age-based diffusion pattern. Credit utilization outcomes showed significant variation across different types of digital financial services offered by local service providers. The findings suggest that tailored policy interventions targeting specific demographic groups and enhancing the accessibility and affordability of digital finance solutions could significantly improve credit utilization among smallholder farmers in South Sudan. Policy makers should prioritise digital literacy programmes for younger farmers, while financial institutions need to explore innovative financing mechanisms suitable for agricultural value chains.
Gender-Specific Legal Reforms for Domestic Violence Survivors in Dar es Salaam's Slums
Domestic violence is a significant issue in Dar es Salaam's slums, affecting predominantly women and children. A quantitative survey was conducted among residents of selected slums in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, using a structured questionnaire designed to assess the effectiveness and accessibility of current legal protections. The survey revealed that only 37% of respondents were aware of domestic violence support services available to them, indicating significant gaps in public awareness about legal resources. Findings suggest that enhancing community engagement and improving access to legal aid are crucial steps towards providing more effective protection for domestic violence survivors. The implementation of gender-specific legal reforms should include increased public education campaigns and the establishment of dedicated support centers in slum areas.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact Evaluation of Pre-Service Teacher Training Courses on Classroom Management Skills in Kenyan Schools
Pre-service teacher training programmes in Kenya focus on equipping future educators with essential skills for effective classroom management. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge and application of classroom management techniques before and after completing their training. Participants demonstrated an average improvement of 25% in classroom management skills post-training, with significant increases noted in strategies for managing disruptive behaviour and fostering student engagement. Pre-service teacher training courses significantly enhance participants' classroom management capabilities, warranting further implementation and evaluation. Schools should integrate pre-service training into their professional development plans to ensure ongoing skill enhancement among educators.
Gender Justice and Legal Empowerment Dynamics in Rural Nigerian Environments
Gender justice and legal empowerment are critical issues in rural Nigerian environments where women often face significant barriers to accessing legal services. This theoretical article will employ qualitative research methods including literature review and thematic analysis to explore existing frameworks related to gender justice and legal empowerment. The theoretical framework developed highlights the necessity of integrating gender-specific strategies into legal empowerment programmes aimed at improving outcomes for rural Nigerian women. Recommendations include developing culturally tailored support services and enhancing community engagement to facilitate better access to justice for women in rural Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Human Rights Violations in Eswatini's Resource Extraction Projects,
This study examines human rights violations associated with resource extraction projects in Eswatini. A survey research approach was employed, gathering data from stakeholders including government officials, community leaders, and affected individuals. Findings indicate that 75% of respondents reported instances of forced labour and inadequate compensation for environmental damage. The prevalence of human rights violations highlights the need for stringent oversight mechanisms in resource extraction projects to ensure compliance with international standards. Stakeholders should advocate for more transparent contracts, community consultations, and enforcement of existing legal frameworks.
The Legal Terrain of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in East Africa
The Legal Status of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in East Africa is a growing concern for legal systems worldwide, including Morocco’s. The analysis draws from existing legal literature, judicial decisions, and international treaties relevant to refugee law. Morocco faces a complex legal landscape when dealing with refugees from East Africa, necessitating further legislative reforms to address these practical issues effectively. The Moroccan government should consider harmonizing its refugee laws with international standards and increase public awareness about the rights of asylum seekers and refugees.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Legal Configuration of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in East Africa
The East African region has seen significant migration flows in recent years, particularly from countries like Somalia and Sudan to Kenya. This influx has led to heightened interest in refugee and asylum seeker legal frameworks within the country. The research employs a comparative legal framework approach, drawing on existing legislation, judicial decisions, and policy documents from Kenya's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Secondary data analysis is used to synthesize relevant information across different jurisdictions within East Africa. A key finding is the disparity in legal protections offered by Kenya compared to other countries in the region, particularly regarding access to education and healthcare for asylum seekers. The study concludes that there are substantial gaps in current legislation concerning the rights of refugees and asylum seekers, necessitating legislative reforms to align with international best practices. Recommendations include revising existing laws to ensure equal treatment of all refugees irrespective of their country of origin, enhancing access to essential services such as healthcare and education, and increasing public awareness about refugee rights.
Analysis of School Nutrition Programmes and Their Impact on Academic Achievement Among Urban Children in South Africa,
School nutrition programmes are recognised as essential components in enhancing educational outcomes among urban children, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. In South Africa, such initiatives have been implemented to address nutritional deficits and improve academic performance. Data collection was conducted through a comprehensive survey administered to students, teachers, parents, and local authorities involved with school nutrition programmes across various urban areas in South Africa. Quantitative analysis of the survey responses provided insights into programme impact and student performance. The findings indicate that participation in school nutrition programmes has a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65) with increased test scores, particularly among children from low-income households who had previously struggled academically. This study contributes to the understanding of how structured nutrition interventions can be effectively integrated into educational systems to support academic achievement and socio-economic development in urban South Africa. Based on these results, it is recommended that schools implement comprehensive nutrition programmes as part of their curriculum to mitigate nutritional deficits and enhance overall student well-being and learning outcomes.
Geographic Terms: South African Methodological Terms: Quasi-experimental design
Randomised controlled trial (RCT) Theoretical Terms: Neoliberation feminism
Critical pedagogy Relevant Academic Urbanization
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluating Youth Entrepreneurship Training Workshops in Accra's Informal Settlements
Youth entrepreneurship in Accra's informal settlements faces significant challenges related to legal frameworks and access to resources. Qualitative interviews with participants and case studies were conducted to assess workshop outcomes and participant experiences. Workshops provided essential legal guidance but faced challenges due to limited resources and regulatory gaps. While workshops helped in enhancing legal awareness, ongoing support is needed to bridge practical resource shortages. Enhanced access to financial resources and legal advice should be prioritised for long-term success.
Geographic Terms: African Sub-Saharan Methodological Terms: Qualitative Mixed-Methods Theoretical Concepts: Legal Pluralism Jurisprudence Socio-Legal Studies Relevant to Methodology: Interviews Ethnography Academic African
HIV/AIDS Counseling Programmes in School Settings
HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in Southern Ethiopia, with schools serving as potential sites for prevention and support. Qualitative interviews were conducted with educators, health workers, and students to evaluate programme effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. Students showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention methods post-counseling interventions, indicating the programmes' positive impact on educational outcomes. School-based HIV/AIDS counseling programmes have the potential to enhance students' understanding of HIV/AIDS and promote healthier behaviors, warranting further implementation and refinement. Enhanced training for educators and health workers is recommended to better integrate HIV/AIDS education into school curricula. Additional resources should be allocated to support programme sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
War crimes have been a persistent issue in African countries, including Lesotho, where international criminal law (ICL) and accountability mechanisms are crucial for justice and reconciliation. The research employs a comparative analysis approach, drawing from secondary data sources including international treaties, national laws, court decisions, and academic literature. A key finding is the significant variation in prosecution outcomes across Lesotho's courts, with only one conviction for war crimes since the country's independence, highlighting the challenges faced by local legal systems. The study underscores the need for enhanced ICL implementation and judicial training to improve accountability for war crimes in Lesotho and other African nations. Recommendations include strengthening national legislation, fostering international cooperation, and increasing public awareness of ICL principles.