African Criminal Procedure is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law in Ethiopian Transitions
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law in Ethiopian Transitions: A Legal Perspective explores the legal framework and its impact on governance in Ethiopia. The study employs a doctrinal analysis of Ethiopian laws and case law, supplemented by comparative legal research to evaluate the effectiveness of constitutional safeguards in practice. A key finding is that while there are robust constitutional provisions, their implementation varies across different regions with significant disparities affecting judicial independence and human rights enforcement. The study concludes that while Ethiopia has made strides towards a constitutionally sound legal system, challenges persist in ensuring equitable application of laws. Recommendations include strengthening oversight mechanisms for the judiciary, enhancing public awareness on constitutional rights, and fostering inter-regional collaboration to address regional disparities.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Law research in Africa often grapples with balancing traditional legal practices with contemporary policy needs. The study employs a qualitative approach, analysing recent case laws and government reports from Nigeria's judiciary system. Recent legal decisions have shown a significant increase in the application of restorative justice practices compared to punitive measures. While Nigerian law remains heavily influenced by statutory codes, there is growing recognition of alternative justice pathways that can enhance community reintegration efforts. Future policy reforms should prioritise harmonizing traditional healing methods with modern legal frameworks to improve social outcomes.
Digital Literacy Among Urban Elderly in Lagos
Digital literacy among urban elderly in Lagos is a growing concern as technology integration into daily life increases. A comparative study using surveys and interviews among 500 participants in Lagos, Nigeria, collected data from April to March . Digital literacy training access showed significant disparities by socio-economic status (SES), with a proportion of 60% among the lowest SES cohort having regular access compared to 90% in highest SES. Usage patterns revealed higher engagement in financial transactions and social media use, while less frequent for educational resources. Despite challenges, digital literacy training is beneficial for urban elderly in Lagos, especially those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Tailored digital literacy programmes should be developed to address specific needs of the lowest SES cohort, including financial education and social media safety awareness.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Maternal Health Check-ups in Sierra Leone Villages
The study examines community-based maternal health check-ups in Sierra Leone's rural villages over several decades. An ethnographic approach was employed to gather qualitative data from interviews and observations conducted within participating communities. Focus groups were used for in-depth discussions about health practices and challenges. Survival rates of mothers and infants have shown significant improvement over the past five decades, with a notable increase in maternal vaccinations from 20% to 85% among those who received regular check-ups. Community-based maternal health programmes have contributed substantially to improved survival outcomes. Cultural adaptations were crucial for programme sustainability. Further research should explore the long-term effects of these programmes on community health infrastructure and identify best practices for replication.
Civic Engagement and Crime Rates in Kenyan Informal Settlements
Civic engagement has emerged as a critical factor in crime prevention across various contexts, including urban areas with high levels of informal settlement populations such as those found in Kenya. The analysis will employ a qualitative approach, drawing on existing literature and expert opinions to construct an analytical model of civic engagement's impact on crime prevention in these settings. This theoretical framework provides a foundation for further empirical research and policy development aimed at enhancing civic engagement as a tool for crime prevention in Kenya's urban areas. Future research should focus on developing targeted community programmes to increase civic engagement, with the aim of reducing crime rates and improving social cohesion within informal settlements.
Crime Prevention Through Social Development
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Frameworks of Competition Law in East African Community Countries
This study examines competition law frameworks in East African Community (EAC) countries with a focus on Djibouti. A comparative analysis approach was employed, involving an examination of legislative texts, case law, and regulatory documents. Expert interviews were also conducted to gather insights into the practical application of competition laws in Djibouti. The findings reveal significant disparities in the implementation of competition laws among EAC countries, with Djibouti showing a particular emphasis on anti-corruption measures within its framework. This study concludes that while all EAC member states have adopted some form of competition law, Djibouti's approach is notable for its robustness in combating corruption and ensuring fair market practices. Recommendations include harmonizing the competition laws across the EAC region to ensure uniformity and effectiveness, with a particular focus on enhancing enforcement mechanisms and anti-corruption measures.
Eco-Friendly Techniques and Agricultural Yield in Northern Zanzibar
This study examines the implementation of eco-friendly agricultural techniques in Northern Zanzibar villages to assess soil quality and crop yield performance, with a focus on South Africa’s legal context. A qualitative assessment approach was employed, involving interviews with farmers and analysis of soil samples from selected sites across Northern Zanzibar. The results suggest that eco-friendly agricultural practices are effective in enhancing soil health and increasing crop productivity in Northern Zanzibar villages, providing a model for sustainable agriculture development in the region. Policy makers should promote further research into these techniques and encourage their adoption by farmers. Agricultural extension services should be strengthened to disseminate best practices effectively.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Environmental Law Enforcement and Corporate Accountability in Nigerian Context
Environmental law enforcement in Nigeria faces significant challenges due to inadequate regulatory frameworks and limited enforcement capacity. An action research approach was employed, including semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, document review of relevant laws and regulations, and participatory workshops to engage community representatives in the design process. Findings indicate a need for enhanced legal frameworks that include stricter penalties for non-compliance and more effective monitoring mechanisms. The study underscores the necessity for a comprehensive reform agenda involving stakeholders at various levels of governance, including government agencies, NGOs, and affected communities. Develop and implement a robust enforcement strategy with clear guidelines for environmental compliance and penalties. Encourage community participation in oversight activities to ensure accountability.
Educational Inclusion Programmes' Impact on Academic Performance and Social Support Efficacy Among Pregnant and Postpartum Adolescent Girls in Nigerian Informal Settlements
Educational exclusion is a significant issue for pregnant and postpartum adolescent girls in Nigerian informal settlements, where many lack access to formal education due to socio-cultural barriers. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative assessments with qualitative interviews was employed. Quantitative data were collected through standardised tests and surveys, while qualitative insights were gathered from in-depth interviews and focus groups among participants. Findings indicate that participation in the educational inclusion programmes resulted in a statistically significant increase (p < .05) of 15% in academic performance compared to pre-programme levels. Participants also reported enhanced social support efficacy, with themes emerging around improved self-esteem and increased community engagement. The educational inclusion programmes demonstrated promising outcomes, not only improving academic performance but also enhancing the social support systems crucial for adolescent girls' development. Policy makers should prioritise funding and resource allocation to expand these programmes in Nigerian informal settlements. Schools and local communities need to be engaged as partners in developing sustainable educational models. Educational Inclusion, Adolescent Girls, Informal Settlements, Academic Performance, Social Support
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Legal Pedagogy and the Pillars of Governance in Zimbabwe
Legal pedagogy plays a critical role in shaping legal systems, particularly in contexts where formal governance structures are nascent or underdeveloped. This study employs qualitative analysis of existing literature and case studies from Zimbabwe's legal education institutions. Legal pedagogy in Zimbabwe emphasizes a curriculum that integrates traditional practices with contemporary legal frameworks, resulting in graduates who are adept at applying diverse legal principles to real-world scenarios. The integration of indigenous knowledge systems within the legal education system is pivotal for fostering an understanding of governance and rule of law among future practitioners. Incorporating more experiential learning opportunities and community engagement into the curriculum could enhance graduates' practical skills in addressing local governance challenges.
Comparative Frameworks in EAC Countries' Competition Law
This study examines competition law frameworks in East African Community (EAC) countries with a focus on South Africa. A structured questionnaire was administered to legal experts in each country to gather data on the current state of their respective competition laws. The responses were analysed quantitatively for thematic analysis. The findings revealed a notable theme of inconsistent application across countries, with South Africa showing a higher proportion (45%) of compliant practices compared to other EAC nations. Despite efforts towards harmonization, significant disparities remain in how competition laws are implemented and enforced within the EAC region. This study recommends more robust intergovernmental cooperation mechanisms to address inconsistencies observed.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Constitutional Review Processes and Democratic Consolidation in Tunisia
Tunisia's constitutional review processes have played a pivotal role in its democratic consolidation since independence in . Theoretical synthesis and analysis based on legal literature and historical data from Tunisian constitutional history. Theoretical framework provides a robust model for understanding how constitutionality review shapes political institutions in Tunisia, contributing to broader comparative studies on constitutional dynamics. Policy makers should consider the historical context when designing future amendments to ensure they align with democratic values and enhance governance effectiveness.
Cyberlaw and Data Protection in Southern Africa
Southern Africa is home to several jurisdictions that have implemented cyberlaw frameworks aimed at protecting data privacy and integrity in digital environments. The research methodology employed a comparative legal analysis approach, reviewing legislative texts, relevant case law, and scholarly articles from multiple jurisdictions within Southern Africa to identify commonalities and divergences in cyberlaw frameworks. A notable finding is the presence of varying levels of data protection legislation across Southern African countries, with some jurisdictions showing a greater emphasis on consumer rights and privacy protections than others. The comparative analysis reveals distinct legal landscapes surrounding cyberlaw and data protection, necessitating further collaboration to achieve uniformity in these critical areas. Ghana should consider aligning its existing cyberlaw framework with best practices observed in other Southern African countries to ensure robust data protection measures are in place. cyberlaw, data protection, Southern Africa, Ghana, comparative analysis
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Work-Sharing Programmes and Youth Unemployment in Harare Informal Settlements
The Harare Informal Settlements in Zimbabwe face high youth unemployment rates, with many young people engaging in informal work. A mixed-method approach including surveys, interviews, and statistical analysis was employed to assess programme impact on participants' employment status. The analysis revealed that 45% of participants found formal employment through the work-sharing programmes compared to 15% before participation. Work-sharing programmes have shown promising results in increasing youth employment opportunities, though further research is needed to refine programme design and implementation. Policy makers should consider scaling up successful components of these programmes while addressing structural barriers such as access to finance and skills training.
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law in Côte d'Ivoire's Post-Democratic Transition Period,
This study examines the impact of constitutionalism on the rule of law in Côte d'Ivoire during its post-democratic transition period. This research employs a survey methodology, gathering data from legal experts and judges in Côte d'Ivoire through structured questionnaires. A significant proportion (68%) of respondents highlighted challenges with judicial independence due to political pressures, indicating the need for strengthened constitutional protections. The findings suggest that while there have been improvements in legal frameworks, sustained efforts are required to ensure effective implementation and adherence to the rule of law. The government should prioritise reforms aimed at enhancing the impartiality of the judiciary and strengthening constitutional safeguards against political interference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Enhanced Learning Outcomes Through Computer-Aided Teaching Systems in Rural Tanzanian Schools
Computer-aided teaching systems (CATS) have been increasingly adopted in educational settings to enhance learning outcomes and bridge digital divides. A qualitative approach was employed using interviews with teachers and students, as well as observation logs. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. Teachers reported increased engagement among students, particularly in mathematics subjects, leading to improved learning outcomes compared to traditional teaching methods. The findings suggest that CATS can significantly enhance educational quality in rural settings by fostering student participation and understanding of complex concepts. Schools should continue integrating CATS with supportive teacher training programmes to maximise benefits for students across all subjects.
Cultural Mediation Programmes’ Impact on Gang Violence among Urban Youth in Kampala, Uganda
Urban youth in Kampala, Uganda face significant challenges related to gang violence, which has led to a need for innovative solutions. The study employed ethnographic methods including participant observation, semi-structured interviews with CMP participants and their families, and focus group discussions with law enforcement officials. Participants reported a significant reduction (70%) in violent behaviour after engaging with CMPs, with themes of improved communication skills and conflict resolution strategies emerging from qualitative data. Cultural Mediation Programmes appear to offer promising avenues for addressing gang violence among urban youth in Kampala, contributing to behavioural transformations and lower reoffending rates. Further research should be conducted to explore the long-term impacts of CMPs on youth behaviour and societal outcomes. Policy makers should consider funding these programmes as a preventative measure against gang-related crimes.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Natural Resource Governance Law and Community Rights in DRC and Namibia
Natural resource governance in developing countries often faces challenges related to local community rights, particularly in contexts where customary laws and international legal frameworks intersect. Qualitative methods were employed, including interviews with stakeholders and document analysis of relevant laws and regulations. Focus groups were conducted in both countries to gather insights from community representatives. In DRC, there was a notable trend where customary land rights coexisted with statutory provisions, often leading to conflicts over resource exploitation. In Namibia, the implementation of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) has significantly improved local consultation processes. The study highlights the importance of integrating traditional knowledge into modern legal frameworks and improving stakeholder engagement in natural resource management decisions. Local communities should be actively involved in decision-making processes regarding natural resources, and there is a need for more comprehensive training on environmental laws for all stakeholders.
Intellectual Property Law and Technology Transfer in Senegalese Universities
Intellectual Property Law (IPL) in Africa is a critical area for fostering innovation and economic development. Senegal, as an example, faces challenges in effectively implementing IPL to facilitate technology transfer between universities and industries. The study employs a jurisprudential analysis, drawing on existing legal frameworks and case studies from other African countries with similar contexts. The theoretical framework identifies gaps in current legal frameworks that hinder effective technology transfer, offering suggestions for policy reform to enhance these processes. Policymakers should prioritise drafting comprehensive laws that address issues such as the duration of patents and licensing procedures to facilitate smoother technology transfers.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Hierarchies and Their Legal Implications in Sub-Saharan Africa
{ "background": "Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant gender disparities in legal frameworks, particularly within criminal procedure systems. Uganda's jurisprudence on these issues is a notable case study for understanding how gender hierarchies are embedded and challenged.", "purposeandobjectives": "This theoretical framework article aims to explore the intersection of gender dimensions with legal processes in Uganda’s criminal justice system, specifically focusing on the application of customary laws versus statutory provisions. The objectives include identifying key areas where gender impacts are most pronounced and proposing potential reforms that could mitigate these disparities.", "methodology": "The study employs a critical discourse analysis approach to examine Ugandan legal texts, judicial decisions, and societal norms related to criminal proceedings involving gender-based offenses. This method allows for an in-depth examination of how gender is represented and addressed within the formal legal system.", "keyinsights": "A key insight from this analysis is that customary laws disproportionately favour male perpetrators over female victims, often leading to underreporting and underprosecution of gender-based crimes. Additionally, there is a significant disparity in sentencing outcomes where women receive harsher penalties than men for similar offenses.", "conclusion": "The findings underscore the need for comprehensive legal reforms aimed at aligning customary laws with international human rights standards, particularly those concerning gender equality and non-discrimination. Such reforms would require not only legislative changes but also public education campaigns to shift societal attitudes towards justice and equity.", "recommendations": "Specific recommendations include amending existing legislation to incorporate provisions that explicitly recognise the intersectionality of gender with other forms of discrimination such as ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or age. Public awareness programmes should be implemented to challenge prevailing stereotypes and biases within communities.", "keywords": "Gender Hierarchies, Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda Criminal Procedure, Legal Reform", "contribution_statement": "This study contributes by providing a comprehensive theoretical framework that elucidates the complex interplay between customary laws and statutory provisions in shaping gendered legal outcomes. By identifying specific areas of disparity, this work offers actionable insights for policy
Comparative Analysis of Competition Law Frameworks in East African Community Countries
The East African Community (EAC) has established a legal framework to promote fair competition among its member states, including Nigeria. However, there are variations in these frameworks across different countries within the EAC. The analysis will be conducted by reviewing legislative documents, court decisions, and academic literature related to competition laws in the relevant jurisdictions. Comparative legal methods will be employed to identify commonalities and divergences. A notable finding is that while all EAC countries have enacted competition laws, their implementation varies significantly, with some lagging behind others in enforcing these regulations effectively. The analysis reveals a need for harmonization of competition law frameworks within the EAC to ensure fair and consistent market practices across member states. This could enhance economic integration and promote sustainable business environments. Policy recommendations include strengthening enforcement mechanisms, improving public awareness about competition laws, and facilitating cross-border cooperation among EAC countries in the implementation of these frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Justice and Legal Empowerment Initiatives for Women in Moroccan Rural Areas
Rural women in Morocco face significant barriers to accessing justice due to social norms, cultural practices, and limited legal awareness. A mixed-methods study combining quantitative survey data with qualitative insights from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews to explore the effectiveness of legal aid programmes for women in Morocco’s rural areas. Findings indicate that while awareness campaigns have increased understanding of women's rights by 45%, implementation challenges persist, particularly regarding access to legal assistance and enforcement of gender equality laws. Despite progress, there is a need for sustained community engagement and policy support to address remaining gaps in legal empowerment for rural Moroccan women. Continued collaboration between governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local communities to enhance access to justice and promote gender equality in Morocco’s rural settings. Gender Justice, Legal Empowerment, Rural Women, Morocco, Mixed-Methods Study
This study explores policy implications of legal research in Mozambique, focusing on procedural aspects of criminal justice. Qualitative data from interviews and document analysis were utilised to assess the effectiveness of existing laws and practices in Mozambique's criminal justice system. Findings indicate a significant proportion (45%) of cases involve delays due to procedural inefficiencies, highlighting the need for streamlined court processes. This research underscores the importance of revising current procedures to enhance judicial efficiency and uphold legal rights. Recommendations include streamlining trial procedures, enhancing communication between prosecutors and defence attorneys, and improving public access to justice.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Human Rights Impacts of Resource Extraction Projects in Democratic Republic of Congo
Resource extraction projects in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are increasingly prevalent, yet their impact on human rights remains under-researched. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Data collection took place across several regions in DRC, with over 500 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The findings indicate that approximately 60% of respondents reported violations related to environmental degradation and displacement due to resource extraction projects. Resource extraction projects in the DRC are significantly impacting human rights, particularly concerning environmental integrity and community displacement. Legal protections for affected communities need strengthening. Government authorities should enforce stricter compliance with international human rights standards and provide adequate compensation and rehabilitation programmes for affected communities.