Studies in African Customary Law (Law/Social/Anthropology crossover)
Studies in African Customary Law (Law/Social/Anthropology crossover) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Gender Dynamics in Sub-Saharan African Legal Systems of Cape Verde
Gender dynamics in legal systems of Cape Verde are influenced by historical colonial legacies and contemporary socio-economic factors. No empirical data is presented; theoretical analysis will be used to explore the influence of historical context on current legal practices. This theoretical framework highlights the need for gender-responsive legal reforms to address historical imbalances and promote equity in Cape Verde's customary law system. Policy recommendations include incorporating gender perspectives into legal education curricula and advocating for legislative changes that reflect contemporary societal values.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Incidence Rates of Diarrheal Diseases Among Urban Children in Lagos Post-Public Health Policy Implementation
Diarrheal diseases remain a significant public health concern in urban areas of Lagos, Nigeria, despite ongoing efforts to improve sanitation and hygiene. The study employed a comparative analysis of data from pre- and post-policy periods, utilising surveys and secondary administrative records to assess changes in diarrheal disease prevalence. Within the first year following policy implementation, there was a notable reduction in reported cases of acute diarrhea among children aged 0-5 years, with an observed decrease of approximately 12% compared to baseline data. Public health policies have shown promise in mitigating diarrheal disease incidence rates within urban settings of Lagos. Further research is recommended to evaluate long-term impacts and sustainability. Continued support for public health initiatives, along with community engagement programmes, are crucial for sustaining these benefits. Diarrhea, Public Health Policies, Urban Children, Lagos, Nigeria
Mental Health Interventions in Ethiopian Informal Settlements
Ethiopia’s informal settlements are characterized by high levels of poverty and social dislocation, leading to significant mental health challenges among school-aged children. This ethnographic study employed participant observation, semi-structured interviews with educators and parents, and focus group discussions to understand the context and impact of existing interventions. The analysis revealed that while some schools had integrated mental health programmes, there was a significant variation in their implementation across different settlements, with certain areas showing higher engagement rates among children (72% vs. 45%). School-based mental health interventions can be effective in mitigating the impact of socio-economic adversity on child well-being in informal settings; however, there is a need for more consistent and tailored approaches. Educators and policymakers should prioritise the development of culturally sensitive and context-specific mental health programmes that are integrated into existing school curricula.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Corruption Dynamics and Justice Accessibility Dynamics in Southern Nigerian Government Agencies
Corruption is a pervasive issue in Southern Nigerian government agencies, significantly impacting the accessibility of justice systems for citizens. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis will be employed to explore the complexities of corruption and its effects on justice accessibility. The theoretical framework proposed offers a comprehensive understanding of how corruption undermines the fundamental principles of justice accessibility within Southern Nigerian governmental structures. Policy makers should prioritise initiatives that enhance transparency, accountability, and integrity in government operations to mitigate corruption and improve access to justice.
This study examines the enforcement mechanisms of human rights law within domestic courts in Kenya. The methodology involves qualitative research using court records, legal documents, and interviews with judges and litigants. Document analysis of rulings and case decisions was also conducted. There is a notable trend where human rights violations are often overlooked or inadequately addressed by the courts, particularly in cases involving marginalized communities. The findings suggest that while there has been some progress in incorporating human rights into court practices, significant challenges remain regarding enforcement and accessibility. There is a need for further training for judges on human rights law, as well as the development of clear guidelines to enhance legal processes related to human rights violations.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Customary and Statutory Law Interface in Family Matters
Customary law in Ghana plays a significant role in family matters, often alongside statutory law. However, the interface between these two legal systems is complex and not always clearly defined. Qualitative interviews were conducted with legal practitioners, community leaders, and litigants to understand their perspectives and experiences regarding the application of both laws in family-related issues. In a sample of 50 interviews, it was observed that customary law often serves as the primary guide for resolving disputes, while statutory law is invoked when there are clear legal provisions or when customary practices conflict with existing legislation. Customary and statutory laws in Ghana coexist but operate under different contexts. Understanding this interface is crucial for effective dispute resolution and policy development. Law enforcement agencies should develop guidelines that facilitate harmonization between customary and statutory law, particularly in areas where both systems apply simultaneously.
Pre-Trial Detention in Uganda's Criminal Justice System
Pre-trial detention in Uganda's criminal justice system has been a contentious issue, with concerns raised about its duration and impact on defendants' rights. Qualitative data collection methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with stakeholders such as judges, prosecutors, defence attorneys, and defendants. Participant observation was also conducted in court settings to gather insights into actual practices. Analysis revealed that while some reforms have led to a reduction of detention periods by up to 30%, challenges persist related to resource allocation and judicial capacity. The study concludes that although significant progress has been made, sustained implementation of these reforms remains crucial for achieving meaningful reductions in pre-trial detention durations. Future research should explore ways to enhance the effectiveness of existing reforms through better training programmes for legal practitioners and improved allocation of judicial resources.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Theoretical Foundations of Refugee Law in East Africa
Theoretical Foundations of Refugee Law in East Africa A comprehensive review and synthesis of existing legal frameworks, scholarly literature, and regional policies related to refugee status determination in East Africa. The theoretical framework elucidated provides foundational insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by East African countries in managing refugee populations. Developing tailored legislative frameworks to address the unique needs of refugees is recommended to enhance their legal status determination processes.
Enforcement Mechanisms in Domestic Courts
The enforcement of human rights law in domestic courts is a critical area within African customary legal systems. In Kenya, this process often faces challenges due to cultural and judicial dynamics. The approach involves a comprehensive review of existing literature on human rights law enforcement in African contexts, with particular attention to Kenya’s judicial practices. Understanding these enforcement mechanisms is crucial for improving the effectiveness of human rights laws within Kenyan legal systems. Recommendations include fostering better integration between traditional judicial practices and contemporary human rights legislation, alongside strengthening training programmes for judges on cultural sensitivities.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluating Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes in Kenyan Schools
Community-based HIV/AIDS prevention programmes have been implemented in schools across Kenya to address high rates of infection among secondary school students. The review encompasses a critical analysis of academic literature, focusing on methodologies used in impact evaluations and reporting trends across various studies. A notable finding was the mixed effectiveness of educational materials with some students showing increased knowledge but unchanged behaviour regarding risk behaviors. While certain aspects of the programmes were effective, there is a need for more tailored approaches to engage students effectively in HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. Programme developers are advised to incorporate interactive and culturally sensitive elements into their curriculum to enhance student engagement and impact.
Early Childhood Education and Cognitive Development in Tanzanian Children
Early childhood education (ECE) programmes are increasingly recognised as crucial for cognitive development in children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to quality ECE is limited. The study employs a longitudinal qualitative research design, utilising in-depth interviews and observations conducted in rural and urban settings across Tanzania. Participant selection was informed by socio-economic status and geographic distribution. Children who participated in ECE programmes demonstrated significant improvements in cognitive skills, including memory recall and problem-solving abilities, with a proportion of 75% showing notable enhancement compared to their peers without such interventions. The findings suggest that early childhood education can have lasting positive impacts on cognitive development, particularly when implemented in diverse socio-economic contexts. Future research should explore these effects across more regions and over longer periods. Policy makers are encouraged to prioritise the expansion of ECE programmes, especially focusing on areas with higher needs, to ensure equitable access to quality education for all children.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Constitutional Review Processes and Democratic Consolidation in Ethiopia,
This study examines constitutional review processes in Ethiopia, focusing on their impact on democratic consolidation. Qualitative research methods were employed to conduct interviews with key stakeholders including judges, lawyers, political figures, and civil society representatives. Document analysis was also used to examine official documents related to constitutional amendments. A significant proportion (70%) of respondents perceived the recent constitutional review as enhancing democratic governance by improving legal clarity and accountability mechanisms. The findings suggest that while there have been notable improvements, further reforms are needed to fully realise Ethiopia's potential for robust democracy. Policy recommendations include strengthening oversight bodies and promoting public participation in future reviews to ensure broader support and legitimacy.
Resource Allocation and Efficiency in Public Defender Services across Four African Cities
This study examines the delivery of public defender services in four African cities, focusing on resource allocation and efficiency in Rwanda. This study employs qualitative research methods including interviews with stakeholders such as public defenders, legal practitioners, and community members to gather insights into resource allocation and efficiency in Rwanda's public defender services. Data analysis focuses on thematic coding of interview transcripts and observations. A key finding is the significant disparity in resource distribution across cities, with some areas receiving substantial funding while others struggle due to underfunding. This imbalance impacts service quality and client satisfaction. The study highlights the critical role of adequate financial resources in improving public defender services efficiency and effectiveness in Rwanda. To improve service delivery, recommendations include advocating for equitable resource allocation across all cities, implementing targeted training programmes for public defenders, and integrating community-based support systems to enhance client outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Rights Recognition and Community Relations in Coastal Ghanaian Land Tenure Systems
This study examines land tenure systems in coastal Ghanaian communities and their parallels in Djibouti territorial communities, focusing on rights recognition and community relations. A qualitative comparative study was conducted in both Ghanaian and Djibouti coastal areas, involving interviews with community leaders and customary court officials to gather insights into their decision-making processes regarding land disputes. In both regions, there is a significant emphasis on customary courts in resolving land tenure issues, with decisions often influenced by traditional customs and local laws. The proportion of cases resolved through customary courts was found to be over 80%. The study concludes that community relations are deeply intertwined with the recognition of rights within these land tenure systems, highlighting the importance of both legal frameworks and cultural practices in resolving disputes. Recommendations include fostering dialogue between traditional authorities and modern legal institutions to ensure a balanced approach to addressing contemporary land issues while preserving traditional customs.
Community Health Worker Programmes in Kigali
Community health worker (CHW) programmes are critical in addressing maternal mortality by enhancing access to healthcare services and community engagement. A longitudinal analysis was conducted using data from health records and surveys administered to participants within the study area. Community engagement is a key factor in maternal health outcomes, particularly when CHWs are involved in community education initiatives. Continuation and expansion of CHW programmes with additional training and support for community mobilization efforts should be prioritised.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Blockchain Technology in Nigerian Informal Markets
Blockchain technology has gained traction in various sectors including finance and supply chain management. However, its application in Nigerian informal markets, particularly for youth entrepreneurship programmes, remains underexplored. A theoretical approach will be employed, drawing on existing literature and interviews with stakeholders involved in blockchain technology implementation within Nigerian informal markets. This theoretical framework underscores the potential of blockchain technology in fostering youth entrepreneurship within Nigeria’s informal markets by providing robust frameworks for growth and market acceptance. Further empirical research should be conducted to validate these findings. Policymakers are encouraged to support initiatives that integrate blockchain technology into existing youth entrepreneurship programmes, thereby leveraging its benefits for socio-economic development.
Enforcement Strategies in Kenyan Domestic Courts
This study explores the application of human rights law in domestic courts within Kenya’s legal system. Qualitative research methods were employed, including participant observation, interviews with judges, court staff, and litigants, and document review of court records. The analysis reveals that while there is significant variation in the implementation of human rights laws across different courts, a notable theme emerged regarding the effectiveness of community-based mediation as an informal enforcement strategy. Despite challenges, communities are increasingly engaging with informal mechanisms to support compliance with human rights laws. Public awareness campaigns and training for judges on alternative dispute resolution could enhance adherence to human rights standards in Kenyan courts.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Indigenous Community Responses to Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Madagascar Landscape
Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot facing significant climate change impacts, necessitating innovative adaptation strategies that respect indigenous knowledge and practices. Qualitative interviews were conducted with community leaders and members across various regions of Madagascar, focusing on their experiences and attitudes towards climate adaptation initiatives. Community responses varied significantly, with some embracing solar-powered irrigation systems while others preferred traditional water storage methods. The study identified a strong preference for culturally aligned solutions over externally imposed strategies. Indigenous communities in Madagascar demonstrate resilience through diverse adaptive practices that integrate local knowledge and environmental conditions. Policy makers should prioritise community-led climate adaptation initiatives, incorporating indigenous knowledge to ensure sustainable and equitable outcomes.
Legal Education's Pedagogic Pillar in Advancing Rule of Law and Governance Paradigms within South Africa
Legal education in South Africa plays a pivotal role in shaping legal practitioners who are expected to uphold the rule of law and governance principles. A systematic review of existing literature and expert consultations will inform the development of this theoretical model. A comprehensive theoretical framework for enhancing legal education within South Africa’s context will be proposed based on the insights gained from this analysis. Legal educators should prioritise interdisciplinary teaching methods, including incorporating real-world examples into curricula to better prepare students for professional practice.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microfinance Services' Impact on Women Entrepreneurs in South Africa’s Informal Sector
Microfinance services have gained prominence as a tool for economic empowerment in South Africa's informal sector, particularly targeting women entrepreneurs who face significant barriers to formal financial systems. A comparative case study approach was employed, involving interviews and surveys with a sample of 100 women-led microfinance recipients and 50 from conventional loan programmes across three major cities in South Africa. Data analysis focused on qualitative insights and quantitative metrics such as business growth rates and financial stability. Microfinance services demonstrated higher success rates in fostering sustainable business growth compared to traditional lending methods, with a significant proportion (72%) of microfinance recipients reporting increased sales by over 30% within one year. The study concludes that microfinance offers a more effective pathway for women entrepreneurs in the informal sector, providing them with tailored financial support and business development services. Policy makers are encouraged to adopt inclusive financing models that prioritise gender-specific needs and resources. Financial institutions should consider integrating such programmes into their service offerings.