Land law reforms in Rwanda have aimed to improve tenure security for rural communities, but mixed results have been reported. A mixed-methods study combining surveys with focus group discussions and legal document analysis. In a survey of 300 farmers, 75% reported improved access to land compared to pre-reform levels, although disparities by gender persist. The reforms have generally enhanced tenure security but require targeted interventions for equitable outcomes. Policy makers should prioritise gender-sensitive measures and community engagement in future reforms.