5G Digital Urban Transformation in Kenyan Cities: A Pan-African Perspective

5G technology is poised to revolutionize urban infrastructure in African cities, offering enhanced connectivity, speed, and capacity. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from smartphone users’ experiences was employed to assess 5G adoption rates and user satisfaction levels. The preliminary findings suggest a significant increase in smartphone users' willingness to adopt 5G technology, particularly in urban centers where infrastructure is more developed. User experience surveys indicated an average improvement of 20% in data speeds compared to existing 4G networks. Despite initial challenges such as high costs and limited coverage, the study highlights a promising future for 5G integration into Kenyan cities' digital ecosystems. Investment strategies should prioritise urban areas with robust infrastructure. Public-private partnerships can be leveraged to ensure equitable access to 5G technology across all socioeconomic groups in Kenya. digital transformation, 5G technology, urban development, African cities Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.