This article examines Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Weapons: Ethical and Legal Challenges for African States: Power, Agency, and Structural Change with a focused emphasis on South Africa within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a ethnographic study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.