African International Humanitarian Law (Law/Political Science/Social
African International Humanitarian Law (Law/Political Science/Social is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Youth engagement in law across Africa has garnered increasing attention for its potential to address socio-economic challenges and promote inclusive development. A comparative analysis using qualitative methods, including interviews, surveys, and document reviews from various African countries, focusing on South Africa’s unique context. Youth engagement in legal processes shows significant variation across regions, with urban youth more likely to participate actively compared to rural counterparts (54% vs. 32%), South Africa's youth-led initiatives have notably influenced law reform and policy discourse, yet face challenges such as limited resources and awareness. Enhanced support for youth participation in legal processes through capacity building and advocacy efforts is recommended to maximise their contributions.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Dynamics in Sierra Leonean Legal Traditions
Sierra Leone is a sub-Saharan African country where traditional legal systems coexist with modern legal frameworks. Gender dynamics within these traditions have not been extensively studied, highlighting a gap in understanding their impact on contemporary law and society. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with legal practitioners and community leaders in Sierra Leone, focusing on oral histories and customary laws as primary sources. The findings suggest that integrating traditional gender dynamics into modern legal reforms could enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of justice systems in Sierra Leone. Legal reform efforts should consider incorporating elements from traditional gender norms, while also ensuring that they do not perpetuate existing inequalities. This hybrid approach can promote more equitable outcomes for all genders within the legal system.
Labour Perceptions in Zambia's Informal Economy
Zambia's informal economy is a significant part of its labour market but lacks comprehensive legal protection under existing labour laws. A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews to gather data from informally employed individuals across various sectors in urban and rural areas of Zambia. Among 120 participants interviewed, over 75% reported experiencing violations of basic labour rights such as inadequate wages and lack of social security benefits. The study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive legal reforms to address the specific needs of informal economy workers in Zambia. Zambian policymakers should prioritise amending existing laws to better protect the rights of informal sector workers, including those in agriculture and construction.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Agroforestry in Maize Yield Enhancement
Sustainable agroforestry practices are vital for enhancing maize yields in Western Kenya, a region impacted by climate change and characterized by soil degradation. The approach will draw from existing literature, case studies, and participatory research methods to develop a conceptual model of sustainable agroforestry practices suitable for the Kenyan context. The theoretical framework outlines a pathway for policymakers and practitioners to integrate agroforestry into farming strategies, emphasising the importance of sustainable land use practices in enhancing climate resilience. Policymakers should prioritise funding for research and extension services that support farmers in adopting agroforestry methods. Agricultural development programmes should be designed to incorporate these practices as part of their interventions.
Integration Efforts in Southern Mozambique
Southern Mozambique has historically struggled with low vaccination coverage, leading to persistent public health challenges. The research employs a comparative approach using secondary data from government health records and interviews with key stakeholders. Health facility integration efforts have shown an average increase of 15% in vaccination coverage in the past year, particularly among under-5 age groups. Integration strategies such as improved communication channels and joint immunization campaigns have been effective in enhancing vaccine uptake. Further implementation of these integrated approaches should include targeted training for healthcare workers and enhanced community engagement programmes.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Justice and Legal Empowerment in Rural Nigeria
Rural areas in Nigeria face significant gender disparities in legal rights and access to justice. Qualitative research methods including focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and participatory observation were employed to gather data from rural communities in Nigeria. Women reported a significant increase in awareness about their legal rights after the intervention, with a notable 60% improvement in understanding of land ownership laws. The study underscores the effectiveness of community-based legal empowerment programmes in improving women's access to justice and enhancing gender equality in rural settings. Continuation of tailored interventions supported by policy reforms is recommended to sustain these positive outcomes.
Legal Education and Governance in Equatorial Guinea
Legal education in Equatorial Guinea is a critical component of promoting governance and the rule of law. A qualitative study involving interviews with legal educators, policymakers, and scholars to understand perceptions and practices related to legal education and governance. Legal education plays a significant role in shaping legal awareness and ethical standards among future professionals, with an emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The findings suggest that enhancing legal education can improve the quality of governance and contribute to a more transparent and accountable society. There is a need for further training programmes in legal education institutions to integrate contemporary legal issues and ethical standards into curricula.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Blockchain Technology in Fair Trade Coffee Supply Chains
The fair trade coffee supply chain in Costa Rica is a focal point for enhancing market access and transparency, particularly for African markets. A systematic review of existing literature on blockchain applications in food supply chain transparency, along with expert interviews from industry stakeholders. Blockchain implementation has shown a significant improvement (50%) in the accuracy of product origin information across tested supply chains. Blockchain technology can substantially enhance traceability and market access for fair trade coffee in Costa Rica, facilitating more transparent and equitable trading practices. Government support should be provided to facilitate blockchain adoption among smallholder farmers and cooperatives in the region.
Inclusive Education Programmes in Rural Tanzania
Inclusive education programmes have become a focal point in addressing educational disparities among rural children in Tanzania. Theoretical development will be employed to outline key components and indicators necessary for an effective impact assessment. This theoretical framework provides a structured approach for policymakers and educators to evaluate the effectiveness of inclusive education programmes in Tanzania. Policymakers should prioritise resource allocation towards implementing targeted support mechanisms that enhance access and engagement with these programmes.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comparative Frameworks in EAC Competition Law
The East African Community (EAC) has established a unified competition law framework to promote fair market practices and prevent anti-competitive behaviors among its member states, including Eritrea. The legal landscape in Eritrea is distinct from that of other EAC countries, necessitating an analytical comparative study. This article employs a comparative legal analysis approach, examining existing legislation, case law, and policy documents from Eritrea and its EAC partners to construct a comprehensive theoretical model of competition law in the region. This theoretical framework provides a robust foundation for understanding competition law dynamics within the EAC region and offers insights into potential areas for reform to enhance legal coherence and effectiveness. Recommendations include strengthening enforcement mechanisms, improving transparency in regulatory processes, and facilitating greater international alignment with global best practices in competition law.
Sustainable Development and Legal Frameworks in Tanzania
Sustainable development in Tanzania faces challenges due to varying legal frameworks that often fail to align with international standards. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with legal analyses to assess the adequacy of existing laws and policies related to sustainable development. A notable finding is that while there are several pieces of legislation promoting sustainability, their implementation often lags behind legislative enactment, particularly in rural areas where resources are scarce and enforcement is weak. Current legal frameworks in Tanzania fall short in ensuring consistent application across all sectors and regions, necessitating targeted policy interventions to improve compliance and effectiveness. Policy makers should prioritise strengthening existing laws through clearer guidelines and more robust enforcement mechanisms, with a focus on rural development initiatives where sustainability challenges are most acute.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender-Specific Nutrition Interventions and Adolescent Growth in Ugandan Villages
This study examines gender-specific nutrition interventions aimed at promoting adolescent growth in Ugandan villages. Data was collected through structured interviews, anthropometric measurements, and socio-economic surveys conducted among adolescents in selected Ugandan villages over two years. Nutrition supplementation programmes targeting girls showed significant improvements in height-for-age Z-scores by 10% compared to boys' groups who did not receive interventions. The gender-specific approach was effective, highlighting the need for targeted nutrition support for adolescent females in rural Ugandan settings. Public health initiatives should prioritise girls and implement tailored nutrition programmes that consider socio-cultural factors affecting dietary habits.
Financial Services and Agricultural Knowledge Transfer for Women Farmers in Benin City
Benin City in Nigeria is a significant agricultural hub where women farmers play a crucial role in food security and economic development. An ethnographic study was conducted with semi-structured interviews and participant observation among 30 women farmers in Benin City. Data collection lasted three months. Women farmers reported a significant increase of 25% in crop yield within nine months, attributed to improved access to financial services and agricultural knowledge transfer interventions. The study underscores the effectiveness of tailored support for women farmers in enhancing their productivity and resilience. Policy makers should integrate financial services into agricultural development programmes targeting women farmers in Benin City and similar contexts.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Telemedicine Patient Engagement in Tanzanian Villages
Telemedicine has emerged as a promising solution for improving healthcare access in remote areas of Tanzania. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews was employed, targeting a sample of patients from twelve villages across Tanzania. Patient engagement scores indicated an average improvement of 15% over the course of twelve weeks in using telemedicine services for consultations and follow-ups. The findings suggest that regular communication strategies and patient education programmes are crucial for sustaining high levels of telemedicine use among remote populations. Healthcare providers should prioritise ongoing engagement activities to enhance patient satisfaction and utilization rates in telemedicine settings.
Mobile Money Platforms in Libyan Legal and Economic Dynamics
Libya has experienced significant political instability since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in . The country's financial sector is underdeveloped, and traditional banking systems have been disrupted by conflict and sanctions. This article employs critical discourse analysis to examine existing literature on mobile money platforms and their integration into Libyan financial systems. It also draws upon case studies from other conflict-affected regions for comparative insights. The theoretical framework established provides insights into how mobile money can be harnessed for equitable development post-conflict in Libya, highlighting its potential to bridge traditional financial gaps and support local economies. Future research should focus on assessing the long-term impact of mobile money platforms on legal compliance, privacy concerns, and socio-economic disparities. Policy-makers could leverage these insights to design targeted interventions that maximise the benefits of mobile money in Libya’s recovery process.
Copyright (c) 2003 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Conditional Cash Transfers and Urban Youth Education Outcomes in Zambia’s Slums
Urban youth in Zambia's slums often face significant barriers to education due to poverty, lack of resources, and inadequate infrastructure. The study employs Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to assess the effectiveness of CCTs, ensuring random assignment and minimising selection bias. Data collection includes pre- and post-intervention assessments of school attendance records and standardised academic tests. A notable finding is that students in the treatment group showed a significant increase of 20% in daily school attendance compared to the control group. Conditional Cash Transfers appear effective in improving educational engagement among urban youth in Zambian slums, warranting further policy consideration and implementation. Policy makers should consider scaling up CCT programmes with additional support for schools and families to maximise their impact on education outcomes.
Traditional Dispute Resolution Mechanisms and Access to Justice in Côte d'Ivoire
In Côte d'Ivoire, traditional dispute resolution mechanisms (TDRMs) play a significant role in local conflict management and community cohesion. The study employed semi-structured interviews with traditional leaders, community members, and legal practitioners to understand the role of TDRMs in facilitating dispute resolution processes. Traditional mediators were effective in resolving disputes without formal legal intervention, particularly affecting rural areas where access to justice is limited. The study underscores the importance of integrating traditional practices into contemporary legal systems to enhance accessibility and effectiveness of dispute resolution mechanisms. Policy recommendations include fostering collaboration between traditional leaders and governmental bodies to ensure continuity and legitimacy in TDRM processes.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities in Legal Reforms for Post-Conflict Societies in Algeria
Algeria has experienced several post-conflict phases since its independence in , necessitating legal reforms to address challenges and facilitate societal recovery. The analysis is based on a review of existing legal documents and secondary sources focusing on post-conflict interventions in Algeria. A notable finding is the significant disparity between formal legal frameworks and practical implementation in resolving disputes related to property restitution among conflict-affected communities, with approximately 30% of affected families facing unresolved issues. Legal reforms are essential for enhancing justice and reconciliation processes in post-conflict Algeria, particularly concerning property rights and compensation mechanisms. The paper recommends the establishment of specialized courts dedicated to post-conflict disputes and the development of mediation programmes involving community leaders.
Gender Dynamics in Kenyan Legal Practices
Gender dynamics in Kenyan legal practices have been subject to limited scholarly attention compared to other sub-Saharan African countries. The research employed participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival data analysis to understand the experiences of women and men in various legal contexts across Kenya. During fieldwork, it was observed that women faced barriers such as limited access to justice services and discriminatory laws, while men often benefited from informal networks that facilitated their legal claims. This study highlights significant gender disparities within Kenyan legal practices, emphasising the need for targeted reforms to ensure equitable treatment under the law. Policy recommendations include strengthening enforcement of anti-discrimination laws and increasing access to justice services for marginalized groups, particularly women in rural areas.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Solar microgrids have become a significant initiative in addressing energy poverty, particularly in off-grid rural areas where traditional grid connections are not feasible or economically viable. The research employed participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with community members, local authorities, and implementing organizations to gather insights into the impacts of solar microgrid projects. A notable trend observed was a 40% increase in household income attributed to savings from reduced kerosene usage, which is often used for lighting due to the lack of electricity. This finding highlights the economic benefits that align with broader energy access goals. The study underscores the importance of community engagement and supportive policies in ensuring the sustainability and effectiveness of solar microgrid projects within rural Mozambican contexts. Policy makers should prioritise inclusive planning processes that involve local communities to ensure equitable distribution of benefits from solar microgrids. Local financial support mechanisms must also be established to facilitate affordable access to these technologies.