African International Humanitarian Law (Law/Political Science/Social
African International Humanitarian Law (Law/Political Science/Social is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
This article examines Refugee Children and Education: Access, Quality, and Social Protection: Challenges and Opportunities in the 2020s with a focused emphasis on Mali within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a conference paper that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This article examines Cholera Outbreaks in Conflict Settings: Epidemiology, Response, and Prevention: Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa with a focused emphasis on Nigeria within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a comparative study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Shelter and Non-Food Items in Displacement Contexts
This article examines Shelter and Non-Food Items in Displacement Contexts: Standards, Gaps, and Innovation: A Subaltern Perspective with a focused emphasis on Guinea within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a action research study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This article examines Radicalisation Pathways in East Africa: Social Networks, Grievances, and Ideology: Challenges and Opportunities in the 2020s with a focused emphasis on Eswatini within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a survey research article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This article examines Urban Humanitarian Response: Displacement in Cities and the Challenges of Targeting Assistance: Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa with a focused emphasis on Ethiopia within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a book review that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Weapons
This article examines Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Weapons: Ethical and Legal Challenges for African States: Power, Agency, and Structural Change with a focused emphasis on South Africa within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a ethnographic study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
This article examines The Tension Between Peace and Justice: Accountability vs. Negotiations in Ongoing Conflicts: An African Union Perspective with a focused emphasis on Zimbabwe within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a commentary that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This article examines Lustration and Transitional Justice: Vetting Former Combatants and Regime Officials: An Empirical Investigation with a focused emphasis on Mauritius within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a theoretical framework article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
This article examines Cybersecurity Workforce Development: Skills Gaps, Training Programmes, and Ecosystem Building: Power, Agency, and Structural Change with a focused emphasis on Ethiopia within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a policy analysis article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Memorialisation and the Politics of Memory in Post-Atrocity Societies
This article examines Memorialisation and the Politics of Memory in Post-Atrocity Societies: Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa with a focused emphasis on Kenya within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a theoretical framework article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
This article examines Refugee Children and Education: Access, Quality, and Social Protection: Challenges and Opportunities in the 2020s with a focused emphasis on Democratic Republic of Congo within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a theoretical framework article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
This article examines Ethiopia's Refugee Hosting Capacity: Policy Shifts, Camp Contexts, and Urban Refugees with a focused emphasis on Ethiopia within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a policy brief that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Surveillance Technology and State Security in Africa
This article examines Surveillance Technology and State Security in Africa: Pegasus, Cellebrite, and Privacy Rights: Climate Change Dimensions with a focused emphasis on São Tomé and Príncipe within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a action research study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Witness Protection in Transitional Justice Mechanisms
This article examines Witness Protection in Transitional Justice Mechanisms: Security, Confidentiality, and Trust: Institutional Capacity and Political Will with a focused emphasis on Ghana within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a theoretical framework article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Night Commuting and Civilian Coping Strategies in Conflict-Affected Areas
This article examines Night Commuting and Civilian Coping Strategies in Conflict-Affected Areas: International Norms, Local Realities with a focused emphasis on Guinea-Bissau within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a working paper that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
This article examines Lustration and Transitional Justice: Vetting Former Combatants and Regime Officials: An Empirical Investigation with a focused emphasis on Eritrea within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a commentary on published article that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
This article examines Memorialisation and the Politics of Memory in Post-Atrocity Societies: Lessons for Sub-Saharan Africa with a focused emphasis on Morocco within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a qualitative study that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.
Enforcement Strategies in Kenyan Domestic Courts for Human Rights Law
Human rights law in Kenya is enshrined in its constitution but enforcement remains a challenge. An analytical review of relevant judicial precedents, legislative provisions, and scholarly literature. Recent cases indicate an increasing trend towards the integration of international human rights standards into Kenyan law. While progress has been made, significant gaps remain in terms of uniform enforcement practices across courts. The implementation of a standardised training programme for judges and legal practitioners is recommended to enhance compliance with international human rights norms.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Effectiveness of School-Based Nutrition Interventions in Nairobi Slums
Nairobi slums face significant challenges in nutrition due to poverty, limited access to healthy food sources, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. A longitudinal study using pre- and post-intervention surveys, focus group discussions, and anthropometric measurements to assess changes in nutritional status and food intake patterns. During the four-year intervention period, there was a statistically significant increase in fruit and vegetable consumption among schoolchildren by 20%, leading to modest improvements in body mass index (BMI) scores. School-based nutrition interventions can be effective in improving dietary habits and health outcomes of urban children in Nairobi slums, but further tailored programmes are needed. Integrate community engagement into future interventions, provide nutritional education materials for parents, and monitor long-term sustainability of the initiatives.
Cyberlaw and Data Protection Norms in Senegal's Southern African Context
Cyberlaw and data protection norms in Senegal are increasingly recognised as crucial for safeguarding digital rights and interests within Southern Africa's diverse legal landscape. The research employed participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis to gather insights from key stakeholders including legislators, policymakers, and civil society organizations involved in cybersecurity and data privacy initiatives. A notable theme emerged regarding the harmonization of cyberlaw frameworks across Southern Africa, with Senegal serving as a leading example for implementing robust data protection standards. This study highlights the potential for regional collaboration to strengthen cyberlaw and data protection norms, particularly in addressing cross-border data flows and ensuring digital rights are upheld. Policymakers should prioritise stakeholder engagement in developing comprehensive cyberlaw frameworks that balance innovation with safeguarding individual privacy rights.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
E-learning Platforms in Teacher Professional Development
E-learning platforms have become increasingly popular in teacher professional development (TPD) across Africa, offering flexible and accessible training opportunities. In Western Uganda, where access to traditional TPD resources is limited, e-learning platforms present a viable solution. The study employed qualitative research methods, including interviews with educators and administrators from selected schools in Western Uganda. Focus groups were conducted to gather insights into teachers' experiences and perceptions of e-learning platforms. Despite challenges, e-learning platforms offer a promising avenue for enhancing teacher education in Western Uganda by providing flexible learning opportunities and aligning with national curriculum goals. To maximise the effectiveness of e-learning platforms, stakeholders should invest in improving internet infrastructure, provide technical support, and ensure that all modules are accessible to teachers regardless of their technological proficiency.
Youth engagement in law across Africa has garnered increasing attention for its potential to address socio-economic challenges and promote inclusive development. A comparative analysis using qualitative methods, including interviews, surveys, and document reviews from various African countries, focusing on South Africa’s unique context. Youth engagement in legal processes shows significant variation across regions, with urban youth more likely to participate actively compared to rural counterparts (54% vs. 32%), South Africa's youth-led initiatives have notably influenced law reform and policy discourse, yet face challenges such as limited resources and awareness. Enhanced support for youth participation in legal processes through capacity building and advocacy efforts is recommended to maximise their contributions.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Dynamics in Sierra Leonean Legal Traditions
Sierra Leone is a sub-Saharan African country where traditional legal systems coexist with modern legal frameworks. Gender dynamics within these traditions have not been extensively studied, highlighting a gap in understanding their impact on contemporary law and society. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews with legal practitioners and community leaders in Sierra Leone, focusing on oral histories and customary laws as primary sources. The findings suggest that integrating traditional gender dynamics into modern legal reforms could enhance the effectiveness and inclusivity of justice systems in Sierra Leone. Legal reform efforts should consider incorporating elements from traditional gender norms, while also ensuring that they do not perpetuate existing inequalities. This hybrid approach can promote more equitable outcomes for all genders within the legal system.
Labour Perceptions in Zambia's Informal Economy
Zambia's informal economy is a significant part of its labour market but lacks comprehensive legal protection under existing labour laws. A qualitative study employing semi-structured interviews to gather data from informally employed individuals across various sectors in urban and rural areas of Zambia. Among 120 participants interviewed, over 75% reported experiencing violations of basic labour rights such as inadequate wages and lack of social security benefits. The study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive legal reforms to address the specific needs of informal economy workers in Zambia. Zambian policymakers should prioritise amending existing laws to better protect the rights of informal sector workers, including those in agriculture and construction.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Agroforestry in Maize Yield Enhancement
Sustainable agroforestry practices are vital for enhancing maize yields in Western Kenya, a region impacted by climate change and characterized by soil degradation. The approach will draw from existing literature, case studies, and participatory research methods to develop a conceptual model of sustainable agroforestry practices suitable for the Kenyan context. The theoretical framework outlines a pathway for policymakers and practitioners to integrate agroforestry into farming strategies, emphasising the importance of sustainable land use practices in enhancing climate resilience. Policymakers should prioritise funding for research and extension services that support farmers in adopting agroforestry methods. Agricultural development programmes should be designed to incorporate these practices as part of their interventions.
Integration Efforts in Southern Mozambique
Southern Mozambique has historically struggled with low vaccination coverage, leading to persistent public health challenges. The research employs a comparative approach using secondary data from government health records and interviews with key stakeholders. Health facility integration efforts have shown an average increase of 15% in vaccination coverage in the past year, particularly among under-5 age groups. Integration strategies such as improved communication channels and joint immunization campaigns have been effective in enhancing vaccine uptake. Further implementation of these integrated approaches should include targeted training for healthcare workers and enhanced community engagement programmes.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Justice and Legal Empowerment in Rural Nigeria
Rural areas in Nigeria face significant gender disparities in legal rights and access to justice. Qualitative research methods including focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and participatory observation were employed to gather data from rural communities in Nigeria. Women reported a significant increase in awareness about their legal rights after the intervention, with a notable 60% improvement in understanding of land ownership laws. The study underscores the effectiveness of community-based legal empowerment programmes in improving women's access to justice and enhancing gender equality in rural settings. Continuation of tailored interventions supported by policy reforms is recommended to sustain these positive outcomes.
Legal Education and Governance in Equatorial Guinea
Legal education in Equatorial Guinea is a critical component of promoting governance and the rule of law. A qualitative study involving interviews with legal educators, policymakers, and scholars to understand perceptions and practices related to legal education and governance. Legal education plays a significant role in shaping legal awareness and ethical standards among future professionals, with an emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The findings suggest that enhancing legal education can improve the quality of governance and contribute to a more transparent and accountable society. There is a need for further training programmes in legal education institutions to integrate contemporary legal issues and ethical standards into curricula.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Blockchain Technology in Fair Trade Coffee Supply Chains
The fair trade coffee supply chain in Costa Rica is a focal point for enhancing market access and transparency, particularly for African markets. A systematic review of existing literature on blockchain applications in food supply chain transparency, along with expert interviews from industry stakeholders. Blockchain implementation has shown a significant improvement (50%) in the accuracy of product origin information across tested supply chains. Blockchain technology can substantially enhance traceability and market access for fair trade coffee in Costa Rica, facilitating more transparent and equitable trading practices. Government support should be provided to facilitate blockchain adoption among smallholder farmers and cooperatives in the region.
Inclusive Education Programmes in Rural Tanzania
Inclusive education programmes have become a focal point in addressing educational disparities among rural children in Tanzania. Theoretical development will be employed to outline key components and indicators necessary for an effective impact assessment. This theoretical framework provides a structured approach for policymakers and educators to evaluate the effectiveness of inclusive education programmes in Tanzania. Policymakers should prioritise resource allocation towards implementing targeted support mechanisms that enhance access and engagement with these programmes.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/