Ethiopia has undergone significant political transitions since the early 2000s, including a shift from a one-party state to a federal parliamentary democracy. The research employs grounded theory methodology for its action research component, integrating qualitative interviews with stakeholders such as judges, lawyers, and civil society organizations to gather insights into current practices and challenges. Interviews revealed a mixed pattern of compliance with constitutional provisions, with some sectors showing strong adherence while others exhibit resistance or lack of enforcement. The findings suggest that while there have been notable legal advancements, the implementation and enforcement mechanisms remain weak in certain areas, necessitating further policy interventions to strengthen the rule of law. Recommendations include strengthening judicial training programmes, enhancing oversight bodies like the Ombudsman’s office, and promoting public awareness campaigns on constitutional rights and duties. Ethiopia, Constitutionalism, Rule of Law, Transitional Justice, Grounded Theory