Urban slums in Egypt present significant legal challenges for vulnerable populations seeking access to justice. An action research approach was employed, involving participatory workshops with community leaders and vulnerable individuals in selected urban slums. Data collection included interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. A key theme identified was the disparity in access to legal representation between vulnerable populations and more affluent groups, particularly regarding civil disputes over property rights. The study revealed a need for improved legal education programmes and community-based support services tailored to meet the specific needs of urban slum dwellers. Development of targeted legal aid initiatives should be prioritised, including partnerships with NGOs and local government to bridge service gaps within urban slums.