The field of international criminal law (ICL) encompasses war crimes accountability in Africa, with Uganda as a notable case study. The legal framework established by the International Criminal Court (ICC) and national courts has played a pivotal role in prosecuting perpetrators of war crimes. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing legal documents, court decisions, and scholarly literature related to ICL in Uganda. A comparative analysis is conducted between ICC cases and national proceedings to highlight similarities and differences in accountability outcomes. Findings indicate that while the ICC has significantly impacted war crimes prosecution in Uganda, domestic courts face substantial challenges in implementing international standards due to resource constraints and political sensitivities. The proportion of successful prosecutions at both levels varies, with higher success rates observed in ICC cases. The conclusion underscores the need for enhanced cooperation between national and international judicial systems to ensure consistent application of ICL principles across Uganda's legal landscape. Recommendations focus on improving judicial resources and fostering a more collaborative environment for war crimes accountability. Recommendations include increased funding for domestic courts, strengthening partnerships with ICC, and promoting public awareness campaigns to enhance understanding and support for ICL in Uganda.