Sustainable agriculture and agroforestry practices are increasingly recognised as crucial for rural livelihood enhancement in Uganda's Volcanoes Region. The research employs a comparative case study approach, analysing data from multiple villages implementing these practices. Quantitative methods include surveys and interviews to measure changes in farm productivity and community welfare. A notable trend observed was an increase of 20% in crop diversity across participating farms, with significant improvements in soil health parameters such as organic matter content and pH levels. The study concludes that integrated agroforestry systems significantly contribute to rural livelihood enhancement by diversifying income sources and improving environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include fostering collaboration between local communities, NGOs, and government agencies to scale up successful sustainable agriculture projects. Rural Livelihoods, Sustainable Agriculture, Agroforestry, Volcanoes Region, Uganda