Human rights have been severely impacted by resource extraction projects in Lesotho, leading to a need for theoretical frameworks that can guide legal and policy responses. The approach involves synthesizing existing legal, economic, and social science literature on human rights impacts of such projects in Lesotho. This theoretical framework aims to inform policymakers and stakeholders about potential areas for intervention to mitigate adverse human rights impacts. Recommendations include strengthening enforcement of existing laws, promoting community engagement in project planning, and enhancing public awareness campaigns.