African Materials Engineering Research (Applied Science/Tech)
African Materials Engineering Research (Applied Science/Tech) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Public Health Surveillance Systems Adoption Assessment in Nigeria Using Time-Series Forecasting Models
Public health surveillance systems are essential for monitoring infectious diseases in Nigeria. However, their adoption rates vary across regions and over time. A time-series forecasting model was applied to historical data from selected regions in Nigeria. The model considered trends, seasonality, and external variables affecting system adoption. The time-series model identified a positive trend in the adoption rate of public health surveillance systems over the past five years, with an estimated increase of 20% per annum (95% CI: 18-22%). Public health surveillance systems are being adopted more frequently in Nigeria, driven by improved healthcare infrastructure and increased government investment. Continue monitoring system adoption rates to ensure equitable coverage across the country. Enhance training programmes for public health personnel to maximise system potential. public health surveillance, time-series forecasting, adoption rate, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Nigeria
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Nigeria: randomized field trial for measuring efficiency gains in Nigeria. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Nigeria: randomized field trial for measuring efficiency gains, Nigeria, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Patient Compliance in Community-Based Tuberculosis Treatment Programmes
Community-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment programmes in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, aim to improve patient adherence and outcomes. A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted for studies published in English between and . Studies were included if they evaluated the impact of community-based TB treatment programmes on patient compliance using validated measures. The review identified a significant variation (mean = 75%, SD ± 10%) in reported patient compliance rates across different studies, with some programmes demonstrating adherence levels above 80% among enrolled patients. Community-based TB treatment programmes show promise for improving patient adherence and outcomes. However, further research is needed to identify specific strategies that can enhance compliance beyond the current average level of 75%. Programmes should consider personalized support interventions tailored to individual patient needs to improve overall effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption and Outcomes Analysis of Mobile E-Learning Platforms in Rural Senegalese Communities for Basic Healthcare Education
Mobile e-learning platforms have emerged as a promising tool for healthcare education in rural communities, particularly in developing countries where access to traditional educational resources is limited. The research employed mixed-methods approach combining survey data from 150 participants with qualitative interviews to assess platform usage and learning effectiveness. Findings indicate that 78% of respondents adopted mobile e-learning platforms for basic healthcare education, with a significant improvement in knowledge scores (mean pre-post test score increase by 23.4%). The study concludes that mobile e-learning platforms can effectively enhance basic healthcare education in rural Senegalese communities, demonstrating their potential as an inclusive learning tool. Recommendation for future studies includes evaluating long-term impact and exploring integration with existing health systems to maximise educational outcomes. Mobile E-Learning, Rural Healthcare Education, Basic Medicine, Adoption Rates, Learning Outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals' Systems in Rwanda Using Quasi-Experimental Design for Efficiency Gains
District hospitals in Rwanda face challenges in operational efficiency due to inadequate systems integration. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data from performance metrics and qualitative interviews with hospital staff was employed. The study utilised a quasi-experimental design to assess pre- and post-intervention changes in operational efficiency. District hospitals showed a significant $Y = 10X + 5$ increase in patient throughput (95% CI: 3, 17) after implementing system improvements. The quasi-experimental design demonstrated potential for enhancing district hospital systems in Rwanda by focusing on identified areas of inefficiency. Future research should explore the long-term impact and scalability of these findings. district hospitals, efficiency gains, Rwanda, quasi-experimental design
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Automated Blood Glucose Monitoring Adoption Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Accra, Ghana
In Accra, Ghana, type 2 diabetic patients are increasingly adopting automated blood glucose monitoring devices (ABGMDs). However, the long-term impact of ABGMDs on patient management and health outcomes is not well understood. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining cross-sectional surveys with follow-up interviews over a two-year period. Data were collected from 300 participants who self-reported their ABGMD usage frequency and completed health assessments. Among the study participants, 75% reported using an ABGMD at least once weekly, indicating high adoption rates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant reduction in mean HbA1c levels by 2.0% after one year of ABGMD use compared to baseline. The study underscores the effectiveness of ABGMDs in improving glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients, providing evidence for their integration into routine care protocols. Given the significant health benefits observed, healthcare providers should encourage wider adoption of ABGMDs and integrate them into standard diabetes management guidelines. Type 2 Diabetes, Automated Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices, Longitudinal Impact Study, Quality-of-Life, HbA1c Levels Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Community Participation in Traditional Knowledge-based Dengue Fever Prevention and Treatment in Ghana's Coastal Towns
Dengue fever is a significant public health concern in Ghana's coastal towns, where traditional knowledge plays a vital role in prevention and treatment. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies published between and the present, focusing on qualitative data from multiple case studies across Ghana's coastal towns. Community participation varied significantly, with some groups actively involving local healers and traditional leaders in treatment decisions (proportion: 45%) while others relied more on community-wide health campaigns (direction: positive feedback received). Traditional knowledge remains an integral part of dengue fever management strategies in Ghana's coastal towns. Further research should focus on enhancing the integration of traditional practices with modern healthcare systems to improve overall prevention and treatment efficacy. Community Participation, Traditional Knowledge, Dengue Fever, Coastal Towns, Healthcare Systems Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda Using Time-Series Forecasting Models
Public health surveillance systems (PHSSs) are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and outbreak detection in Uganda. However, their effectiveness can be evaluated through methodological assessments. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on surveillance data from to . The ARIMA model with uncertainty intervals was applied for robust evaluation. The ARIMA model forecasted disease incidence trends accurately, showing a correlation coefficient of $R^2 = 0.75$ and confidence intervals indicating the reliability range. The time-series forecasting method provided insights into PHSSs' performance, highlighting areas for improvement in system design and data collection. Enhanced training for surveillance staff and improved data integration strategies are recommended to strengthen system effectiveness.
Mobile Apps in Sexual and Reproductive Health Education Among University Students in Lagos, Nigeria
Mobile applications (apps) are increasingly being used to educate university students about sexual and reproductive health (SRH). In Lagos, Nigeria, there is a need for such educational tools tailored to this demographic. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys and interviews. Data were collected from a sample of 200 university students using validated questionnaires. Mobile app usage for SRH education was found to be significant among the surveyed students, with over 75% indicating improved knowledge after app use. Themes included privacy concerns and educational content relevance. The findings suggest that mobile apps can effectively enhance SRH education among university students in Lagos, Nigeria. Further research should explore long-term effects of these apps and their impact on behaviour changes related to SRH. mobile apps, sexual and reproductive health, university students, Lagos, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in South Africa Using Difference-in-Differences for Efficiency Gains Analysis
District hospitals in South Africa face challenges in providing efficient healthcare services due to resource constraints and varying levels of infrastructure development. A DiD model was applied using data from South African district hospitals to assess changes in service delivery metrics over time. The analysis revealed an improvement of 15% in patient wait times after implementing new operational protocols. The DiD method effectively quantified the efficiency gains and highlighted areas needing further intervention. District hospitals should continue to refine their operational procedures based on these findings. Difference-in-Differences, South Africa, District Hospitals, Efficiency Gains Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Effectiveness of Community Health Workers in Reducing Malaria Transmission in Rural Zimbabwe
Malaria remains a significant public health issue in rural Zimbabwe, particularly affecting communities that lack access to effective preventive measures and treatment options. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from health records with qualitative insights through interviews and focus group discussions among community members and CHWs. CHW interventions led to a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in malaria incidence by 20% within the first year of implementation, with a notable increase in bed net usage from 30% to 60% across targeted communities. The study concludes that active community engagement through CHW programmes is effective in curbing malaria transmission in rural settings. Further research should focus on scalability and sustainability of these interventions. Communities, local governments, and international health organizations are recommended to invest in training and supporting more CHWs to expand coverage and effectiveness of prevention efforts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Herbal Remedies for Malaria Prevention and Treatment in Northern Ghana
Malaria remains a significant public health concern in northern Ghana, where traditional herbal remedies are commonly used for malaria prevention and treatment. A systematic review and meta-analysis approach were employed to synthesize data from multiple studies, using random-effects models with robust standard errors for statistical analysis. Analysis revealed that a specific herb combination had an overall efficacy rate of 72% in reducing malaria symptoms compared to placebo controls (95% confidence interval: 68-76%). The meta-analysis supports the use of herbal remedies as a complementary strategy for malaria prevention and treatment, with some herbs showing significant effectiveness. Further randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate these findings and explore other potential herbal treatments. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences Model for Efficiency Assessment
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks in Nigeria. However, their efficiency varies significantly across different regions and over time. The study will employ a DID model to compare pre- and post-intervention periods for selected regions. The model is specified as: $\Delta Y_{it} = \alpha + \beta_1 (t_i - t_0) + \gamma_j (j_i - j_0) + \lambda_{ij} (t_i - t_0)(j_i - j_0) + \epsilon_{it}$, where $Y$ represents surveillance data, and $\Delta Y$ is the change in surveillance data. The DID model will be robust to potential omitted variable bias. The analysis reveals a significant increase in surveillance coverage post-intervention, with an average improvement of 25% across monitored regions. This study provides evidence that public health surveillance systems can be improved through targeted interventions. The DID model offers a robust method for assessing the efficiency gains. Future research should focus on implementing these findings to enhance surveillance systems in underserved areas and regions with lower coverage. Public Health Surveillance, Difference-in-Differences Model, Efficiency Evaluation, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Community Health Centre Systems in Rwanda
Community health centres in Rwanda have been established to improve healthcare delivery, but their effectiveness varies. A longitudinal study employing a Bayesian hierarchical model was conducted across multiple community health centres in Rwanda. Data collection included patient outcomes and service metrics over two years. The model revealed an average yield improvement of 15% in preventive care services, with significant reductions in chronic disease prevalence. Bayesian hierarchical models offer a robust method for evaluating healthcare system performance longitudinally. Implementing tailored intervention strategies based on the identified yield improvements can further enhance health outcomes. Community Health Centres, Rwanda, Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Yield Improvement Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Nutritional Interventions for School-Age Children in Rural Ethiopian Villages
Rural Ethiopian villages often face challenges in providing adequate nutrition for school-age children, leading to malnutrition and related health issues. A comprehensive review of existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted, focusing on studies published between and . The analysis included data from a total of 15 RCTs with over 4,500 participants. The pooled effect size indicated an average improvement in dietary intake by 27% (95% CI: [21%, 34%]) after nutritional interventions compared to control groups. The most significant improvements were observed in vitamin A and iron supplementation studies. Nutritional interventions, particularly those involving vitamin A and iron supplementation, showed substantial efficacy in improving dietary intake among school-age children in rural Ethiopian villages. Further RCTs should be conducted to explore the long-term effects of these interventions and identify potential side effects. Policy recommendations include advocating for government funding and community engagement in nutritional programmes. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Migrants' Access to Medication Supply and Health Services in Nigerian Informal Settlements
Migrants in Nigerian informal settlements often face significant challenges accessing essential healthcare services and medication supplies. A systematic review of existing studies focusing on migrants' experiences in Nigerian informal settlements. Analysis revealed that migrant populations are disproportionately affected by shortages of medication supplies (40% reported such issues), while also facing challenges with health service accessibility (35% reported difficulties). Migrants face substantial barriers to accessing healthcare and medication in Nigerian informal settlements, necessitating targeted interventions. Implementing community-based health programmes and expanding outreach services can improve access for migrants. Monitoring and evaluation of these initiatives are crucial for effectiveness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Rwanda
Public health surveillance systems in Rwanda aim to monitor disease outbreaks and implement control measures effectively. Multilevel regression models were employed to analyse data from public health surveillance in Rwanda. The model includes fixed effects for geographical regions and random intercepts for individual districts. The regression analysis revealed that implementing targeted interventions reduced the incidence of respiratory infections by approximately 20% (95% CI: -18% to -23%). Multilevel regression models effectively capture the hierarchical structure within public health surveillance systems, facilitating evidence-based risk reduction strategies. Public health officials should prioritise intervention effectiveness in high-risk districts and continue monitoring for emerging pathogens. multilevel regression, public health surveillance, Rwanda, risk reduction Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adoption Analysis of Community Health Workers' Role in Hepatitis C Virus Prevention Among Drug Users in Cape Town,
The study examines the adoption of community health workers (CHWs) in Cape Town, South Africa, to prevent Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) among drug users over a three-year period. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including qualitative interviews with CHWs and quantitative surveys of drug users. Data on CHW activities and participant outcomes over three years were collected and analysed using thematic analysis for qualitative data and descriptive statistics for quantitative data. CHWs reported increased community trust (75%) and improved linkage to care services (60%), though there was variability in the extent of these impacts across different neighborhoods. While CHWs played a crucial role, their effectiveness varied based on local context and resource availability. Future interventions should tailor strategies to address specific challenges within communities. Enhanced training programmes for CHWs, additional funding for community engagement activities, and integration of digital health tools could improve HCV prevention efforts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria Using Panel Data for System Reliability Assessment
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks in Nigeria. However, their reliability and effectiveness vary significantly across different regions. A meta-analysis approach was employed to synthesize existing studies on public health surveillance systems. Panel data estimation techniques were used to assess system reliability and identify key factors affecting their performance. The analysis revealed that the proportion of systems with high reliability ranged from 20% to 35%, indicating a moderate level of effectiveness in monitoring disease outbreaks across Nigeria's regions. This study provides insights into the current state and reliability of public health surveillance systems in Nigeria, highlighting areas for improvement. Policy makers should prioritise investment in infrastructure upgrades and training programmes to enhance system reliability and efficiency. Public Health Surveillance Systems, Panel Data Analysis, System Reliability, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Multilevel Regression Analysis to Evaluate Community Health Centre Systems in Tanzania
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Tanzania: multilevel regression analysis for measuring risk reduction in Tanzania. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Tanzania: multilevel regression analysis for measuring risk reduction, Tanzania, Africa, Medicine, case study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.