Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in Ghana: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis on Clinical Outcomes

Urban primary care networks in Ghana are pivotal for delivering accessible healthcare services to urban populations. However, their effectiveness and impact on clinical outcomes require rigorous evaluation. A DiD analysis was employed to evaluate the urban primary care networks in Ghana. This approach allowed for the comparison of pre- and post-intervention periods before and after network implementation. The DiD model revealed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in patient recovery rates by 12% across all intervention and control groups, indicating the effectiveness of urban primary care networks. Urban primary care networks have demonstrated positive clinical outcomes when evaluated through a difference-in-differences analysis. These findings support their continued implementation as part of Ghana’s healthcare strategy. Further comprehensive studies should be conducted to explore other potential benefits and challenges associated with urban primary care networks in Ghana. Urban Primary Care Networks, Difference-in-Differences (DiD), Clinical Outcomes, Healthcare Systems, Ghana Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.