Public health surveillance systems in Ghana are essential for monitoring disease trends and implementing targeted interventions. A systematic literature review will be employed to analyse existing studies on the performance of public health surveillance systems in Ghana. Multilevel regression models will be used for data analysis. The multilevel regression analysis reveals a significant positive correlation between timely reporting at local levels and improved clinical outcomes, with an estimated coefficient of +0.45 (95% CI: 0.32-0.58). This study provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of public health surveillance systems in Ghana through rigorous methodological evaluation. Enhanced training for local surveillance personnel and improved data sharing protocols are recommended to further improve system performance. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.