Methodological Assessment of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia: A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation

Public health surveillance systems are critical for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding interventions in Ethiopia. However, their effectiveness varies across different regions. A meta-analysis approach was employed to aggregate data from multiple studies conducted in various Ethiopian regions. The analysis focused on the implementation rate of surveillance systems, considering potential confounders such as socioeconomic factors and healthcare infrastructure. The aggregated data revealed a significant variation in adoption rates across different regions, with urban areas showing higher adoption compared to rural settings (p < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of regional-specific strategies for improving public health surveillance system effectiveness in Ethiopia. Future research should prioritise targeted interventions based on region-specific challenges and resource availability. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.