Public health surveillance systems in Uganda are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and implementing targeted interventions to reduce health risks. A scoping review approach was employed, including systematic searches of peer-reviewed journals and grey literature. Studies were assessed for methodological rigor using predefined criteria. The analysis revealed that while surveillance systems reported significant reductions in certain diseases (e.g., malaria by 20% in urban areas), variability existed across different regions due to local health system capacity. While current surveillance systems show promise, their effectiveness is influenced by regional disparities and need for localized adaptations. Enhanced training programmes should be implemented to improve data quality, and regional-specific interventions are recommended based on disease prevalence patterns observed. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.