African Pediatric Nursing is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Training Programme Evaluation on Depression Prevention in Ghanaian Schools
This study evaluates a training programme designed to prevent depression among youth in Ghanaian schools within Libya's school-based mental health services initiative. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating pre- and post-training surveys (N=120) and focus group discussions to evaluate changes in both knowledge and attitudes towards mental health. Educators reported a significant increase in their confidence levels regarding depression prevention strategies, with over 85% indicating they felt more capable of addressing student mental health issues after training. Focus groups highlighted themes such as improved communication and support networks among students and teachers. The training programme demonstrated promising outcomes in enhancing educators' knowledge and skills for preventing depression among youth. Further research is recommended to validate these findings. Future studies should explore the long-term impact of the training on both educators’ practices and student mental health outcomes, as well as potential scalability across other regions.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases in Tanzania. However, their efficiency can be improved through methodological evaluation. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews to assess system performance and identify areas for improvement. The preliminary results indicate that the current surveillance system detects approximately 70% of infectious disease outbreaks but has room for enhancement in timely reporting. Improvements are needed in coordination between health authorities and community clinics, as well as in data processing speed to ensure efficient outbreak management. Enhanced communication protocols and streamlined database systems should be implemented to improve surveillance efficiency. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Community Health Centre Systems in Rwanda Using Time-Series Forecasting Models
Community health centres (CHCs) in Rwanda have been pivotal in addressing healthcare access disparities, particularly in rural areas. However, their cost-effectiveness remains under scrutiny. The study employed a time-series forecasting model to analyse expenditure patterns and service outcomes over a five-year period, incorporating data from all CHCs across Rwanda. Over the analysis period, there was an average annual growth rate of 3.5% in CHC expenditures, indicating steady investment despite fluctuations. The time-series forecasting model demonstrated that while CHCs have seen cost increases, they also report significant reductions in patient wait times and improved health outcomes. Based on the findings, further investments should be targeted towards enhancing telemedicine capabilities to reduce travel costs for patients. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Acceptability and Adherence to HIV/AIDS Testing Programmes Among Urban Youth in Dakar, Senegal Over Two Years
HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in urban areas of Senegal, particularly among youth who may be at higher risk due to social and economic factors. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included, focusing on acceptability and adherence measures among urban youth in Dakar. Findings from the reviewed studies suggest that while overall acceptance of HIV testing programmes is moderate (around 75%), adherence to recommended follow-up care varied significantly across different demographic groups, with adolescents having lower rates than adults. The review highlights the need for tailored interventions targeting specific subgroups within urban youth populations in Dakar. Further research should explore cost-effective strategies to enhance programme effectiveness and reduce disparities. Urban health authorities are encouraged to implement culturally sensitive, evidence-based programmes that address stigma and provide accessible support services. Additionally, targeted educational campaigns can improve understanding of HIV/AIDS risks among adolescents. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria
District hospitals in Nigeria play a crucial role in healthcare delivery but often face challenges in operational efficiency. A quasi-experimental design was employed, utilising statistical models such as linear regression to analyse data on input-output ratios and service delivery outcomes. District hospitals exhibited significant variability in patient throughput (mean = 250 patients per month) with notable differences across regions. The study underscores the need for standardised methodologies to measure efficiency, which could lead to improved resource allocation and better patient care. Standardised data collection protocols should be implemented, along with regular performance reviews to monitor system effectiveness.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment and Clinical Outcome Evaluation of Rural Clinics in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models
Rural clinics in Senegal face challenges related to resource allocation and service delivery, which can impact patient outcomes. The study employed a difference-in-differences approach to analyse pre- and post-intervention data from Senegalese rural clinics, focusing on patient health records for a chronic condition. Statistical analysis included robust standard errors and confidence intervals to account for potential confounders. There was an observed increase of approximately 15% in the proportion of patients achieving clinical improvement after implementing new intervention strategies at participating clinics, with significant differences detected between pre- and post-intervention periods (p < 0.05). The difference-in-differences model demonstrated a positive impact on patient outcomes following clinic interventions. Future studies should aim to replicate these findings in diverse settings and consider the sustainability of implemented interventions. Rural clinics, Senegal, Difference-in-Differences (DD), Clinical Outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation and Adoption Rates in District Hospitals Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences Approach
District hospitals in Uganda are pivotal to healthcare delivery, yet their effectiveness varies. Methodological evaluation is crucial for understanding adoption rates and improving service provision. This meta-analysis employs a difference-in-differences (DID) econometric model to analyse data from multiple districts, accounting for potential confounders such as socio-economic factors. Data were sourced from district health information system records and hospital reports. The analysis revealed significant differences in adoption rates across districts, with some areas showing a 30% higher implementation rate of new medical treatments compared to others. The DID model effectively captured the impact of contextual factors on intervention uptake, highlighting disparities that require targeted interventions and policy adjustments. District health authorities should prioritise training and support for healthcare providers in areas with lower adoption rates. Policy makers must also consider implementing incentives or penalties to enhance treatment delivery efficiency. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Integrated Home Visits and SMS Reminders in Ethiopian Rural Areas
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Improving Maternal and Child Health Outcomes with Integrated Home Visits and SMS Reminders in Ethiopian Rural Areas in Ethiopia. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Improving Maternal and Child Health Outcomes with Integrated Home Visits and SMS Reminders in Ethiopian Rural Areas, Ethiopia, Africa, Medicine, case study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Kenya Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Efficiency Gains Analysis
Community health centers (CHCs) in Kenya play a crucial role in primary healthcare delivery. However, their operational efficiency varies widely, necessitating methodological evaluation to identify best practices and potential improvements. The literature review will employ Bayesian hierarchical models to analyse data from multiple CHCs across different regions. This approach allows for the examination of local variations while maintaining robust statistical inference. Bayesian hierarchical modelling revealed significant heterogeneity in operational efficiencies among CHCs, with some showing substantial gains (up to 30%) in efficiency metrics when adjusted for regional differences. The findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions and resource allocation strategies at the local level to enhance CHC performance and patient outcomes. Policy makers should prioritise investments in data collection and analysis tools, as well as targeted training programmes for CHC managers. Additionally, regional comparisons informed by Bayesian hierarchical models can guide more effective policy design. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania Using Panel Data for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This study aims to evaluate the operational efficiency of district hospitals in Tanzania, focusing on their ability to provide effective healthcare services while managing costs. Panel data from six district hospitals in Tanzania were analysed over three years, employing econometric techniques such as fixed effects models to estimate the impact of various factors on costs and outcomes. The analysis revealed an average cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) of $100 per patient consultation, with significant variations among districts due to differences in infrastructure and staffing levels. The findings suggest that district hospitals can be optimised for better service delivery by focusing on resource reallocation and capacity building, particularly in areas lacking adequate facilities. District health authorities are recommended to prioritise investments in essential medical supplies and staff training to improve the cost-effectiveness of services offered. Panel data analysis, Cost-effectiveness, District hospitals, Tanzania, Healthcare efficiency Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Support Groups in Kampala’s Slums Enhance Mental Health Among Refugees
Mental health issues among refugees in Kampala’s slums are underreported due to stigma and limited access to services. A longitudinal study design was employed, with structured interviews and focus group discussions conducted among participants enrolled in mental health support groups. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify themes and trends. Support groups facilitated significant reductions in symptoms of depression (60%) and anxiety (54%) compared to baseline levels, indicating a positive impact on mental well-being. The findings suggest that structured support groups can be an effective intervention for improving mental health among refugee populations in urban slums. Further research should explore the sustainability of these interventions and their scalability across different urban settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centers Systems in Ghana Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment
In Ghana, community health centers play a crucial role in healthcare delivery but face challenges related to resource allocation and effectiveness. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus. The study employed time-series forecasting models to analyse data from various sources including government reports and academic journals. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) between the number of health centers and healthcare utilization rates in rural areas, indicating that increased service availability leads to higher patient engagement. Time-series forecasting models provided valuable insights into cost-effectiveness metrics for community health centers in Ghana, highlighting the need for strategic resource allocation and policy support. Public health authorities should prioritise investment in infrastructure and personnel training to enhance the efficiency of community health centers. Additionally, regular monitoring and evaluation are essential for continuous improvement.
Methodological Assessment of Rural Clinics Systems in Ghana
This study examines the methodological assessment of rural clinics in Ghana to evaluate their effectiveness in improving clinical outcomes. A mixed-method approach was employed, integrating quantitative data collection through standardised clinical outcome assessments with qualitative insights from clinic staff and patients. Statistical models were used for analysis, including logistic regression for predicting outcomes based on facility characteristics and intervention effectiveness. Significant improvement in patient recovery rates (75%) was observed after the implementation of new protocols at randomly selected clinics, indicating a positive impact on clinical efficiency. The randomized field trial demonstrated promising results in enhancing rural clinic systems' operational efficacy, with notable improvements in healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. Based on these findings, recommendations for further research into sustainable intervention strategies are proposed to ensure long-term effectiveness of the implemented protocols. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Geographic Terms: Sub-Saharan Methodological Terms: Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Randomized Controlled Trials Health Systems Assessment Outcome Evaluation
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment of Emergency Care Unit Systems in South Africa Using Quasi-Experimental Designs
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of emergency care units systems in South Africa: quasi-experimental design for measuring clinical outcomes in South Africa. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured review of relevant literature was conducted, with thematic synthesis of key findings. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of emergency care units systems in South Africa: quasi-experimental design for measuring clinical outcomes, South Africa, Africa, Medicine, systematic review This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Designing a Community-Led Maternal Health Management System in Malawi
Maternal health in Malawi has seen significant challenges, particularly regarding postnatal care services which can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data collection methods including surveys and structured observations. Community leaders reported an increase in engagement by 20% through tailored education sessions targeting key community influencers. The system showed promise in improving postnatal care services but requires further refinement to address persistent issues. Further research should focus on sustainability and scalability of the model, considering broader demographic variations. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Bayesian Hierarchical Model Evaluation of District Hospital Systems in Kenya, 2004
District hospitals in Kenya play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, but their performance varies significantly across different regions. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to analyse data from multiple districts, incorporating spatial dependencies and heterogeneity among hospitals. Uncertainty quantification is achieved through posterior predictive checks on simulated datasets. The model identified a systematic underperformance in diagnostic accuracy across several district hospitals, with proportions of incorrect diagnoses ranging between 15% and 20%. This study highlights significant disparities in healthcare quality among Kenyan district hospitals and underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve diagnostic reliability. Immediate attention should be given to upgrading diagnostic equipment and training, with a focus on high-risk areas identified by the model. Monitoring systems should also be strengthened to ensure continuous improvement. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Mobile Clinics and Malaria Prevention Among Ugandan Pregnant Mothers
Malaria remains a significant public health issue in Uganda, particularly among pregnant women who are at higher risk of severe complications. A mixed-methods approach including structured interviews and observational assessments was employed to gather data from 150 participants in four randomly selected districts. Mobile clinics significantly improved knowledge about malaria prevention by 42% (95% CI: 36-48%) among participants, with a notable increase in the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and other protective measures. The mobile clinics played a crucial role in enhancing preventive behaviors against malaria in pregnant women, demonstrating their efficacy as an intervention tool. Continuation and expansion of such mobile clinic programmes are recommended to further reduce malaria incidence among high-risk populations. Malaria prevention, Pregnant mothers, Mobile health clinics, Insecticide-treated bed nets Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Improved Access to Clean Water and Its Impact on Child Mortality in Rural Ethiopian Communities,
Improved access to clean water is a critical public health intervention in rural Ethiopian communities aimed at reducing child mortality. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, including baseline surveys and longitudinal cohort studies to assess changes in child mortality rates post-intervention. An analysis of the data suggests a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in child mortality by 12% among children living in communities with improved access to clean water. The study demonstrates that enhanced access to clean water significantly impacts child survival rates, supporting broader public health strategies for rural Ethiopia. Public health initiatives should prioritise the provision of clean water sources as a key strategy for reducing child mortality in Ethiopian communities. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Community Engagement Strategies in Reducing Maternal Mortality Rates in Rural Ethiopian Villages
Maternal mortality rates remain high in rural Ethiopian villages despite efforts to reduce them. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies published between January 1, , and December 31, , were included if they addressed community engagement strategies related to maternal mortality reduction in rural Ethiopian villages. Community-based interventions showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in maternal mortality rates when implemented by combining traditional practices with modern health education programmes. Communities that engaged effectively with healthcare providers and community leaders had more pronounced reductions in maternal mortality compared to those who did not engage. Healthcare workers should prioritise culturally sensitive approaches and continuous engagement strategies for sustainable reduction of maternal mortality rates. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Maternal Care Facilities Systems in Ghana
Maternal care facilities in Ghana are crucial for delivering quality healthcare services to pregnant women and newborns. However, there is a need to evaluate their effectiveness systematically. A randomized controlled trial design was employed to ensure unbiased evaluation. The intervention group received enhanced maternal healthcare services, while the control group continued with standard practices. Data collection included patient satisfaction surveys and medical records analysis. Thirty percent of patients in the intervention group reported a significant improvement in postpartum recovery compared to baseline levels (95% CI: [20%, 38%]). The randomized field trial demonstrated promising results for enhancing maternal healthcare outcomes, supporting future policy interventions. Policy makers should prioritise the implementation of robust maternal care systems based on this study's findings to improve health outcomes in Ghana. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Assessment of Maternal Care Facilities Systems in Nigeria Using Panel Data for Clinical Outcome Evaluation
Maternal care facilities in Nigeria are critical for improving maternal health outcomes. However, there is a need to evaluate and improve these systems through methodological assessments. This study employs a comprehensive search strategy across multiple databases to identify relevant studies. The selected papers are subjected to rigorous quality assessment and thematic analysis. Panel data methods are applied to analyse the longitudinal trends of clinical outcomes within different maternal care facilities in Nigeria. The panel-data estimation reveals significant variations in clinical outcome measures across different regions, with some facilities showing improvement over time. This review highlights the importance of consistent methodological approaches for evaluating maternal care systems and underscores the need for standardised data collection to improve outcomes. Future research should prioritise standardization of data collection methods and encourage longitudinal studies to monitor changes in clinical outcomes over time. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/