Methodological Assessment of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria Using Quasi-Experimental Design: A Systematic Literature Review

Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks in Nigeria, yet their effectiveness varies widely. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed databases identified and assessed studies on public health surveillance system evaluations in Nigeria. Methodological quality was appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (Crbias). Quasi-experimental designs were predominantly employed, with a notable proportion (30%) indicating significant efficiency gains. Despite methodological diversity, quasi-experimental designs offer promising avenues for evaluating public health surveillance systems in Nigeria. Future research should prioritise robust design comparisons and longitudinal studies to enhance system effectiveness evaluations. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.