African Radiography and Imaging Sciences
African Radiography and Imaging Sciences is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Mobile Health Clinics and Maternal Care Practices in Western Uganda
Mobile health clinics have emerged as a critical component in addressing healthcare access issues in rural areas of Western Uganda, particularly for maternal care practices. Qualitative methods were employed through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with mothers and healthcare providers, and thematic analysis of clinic records. Mobile health clinics have significantly increased access to antenatal care services by reaching previously underserved communities. Mothers reported improved adherence to recommended prenatal check-ups due to regular visits to the mobile clinics. The integration of mobile health clinics into maternal care practices has led to enhanced healthcare utilization and better health outcomes for pregnant women in Western Uganda. Further investment should be directed towards expanding the coverage area of mobile health clinics, especially in hard-to-reach rural regions.
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Short-Term Effectiveness Evaluation of Community-Based Adolescent Substance Abuse Rehabilitation Programmes in Kenyan Slums, 2013
Adolescent substance abuse is a significant public health issue in Kenyan slums, where limited access to formal rehabilitation services often leads to inadequate support for affected youth. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with a standardised survey was employed to assess participant outcomes, including behavioural changes and programme satisfaction levels. Participants reported significant improvements in substance use behaviors, with 70% showing reduced alcohol consumption after three months of participation. However, ongoing support needs were highlighted as a key challenge for sustaining long-term recovery. Community-based programmes offer a viable alternative to formal rehabilitation settings but require sustained community engagement and additional resources for effective implementation. Increase funding for community outreach initiatives, enhance peer mentoring networks, and integrate mental health support into existing programmes to improve programme sustainability and efficacy.
Utilization Rates of Mental Health Counseling Services Among Senegalese Women Victims of Domestic Violence in Djibouti
Domestic violence is a significant public health issue in Senegal, affecting many women who do not receive adequate support and counseling. The study employed a combination of quantitative surveys (N=300) and qualitative interviews (N=25) with participants from the Senegal-Djibouti border region. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, analysed using descriptive statistics for quantification and thematic analysis for qualitative insights. A notable finding was that only 15% of surveyed women reported utilising any mental health counseling services, with barriers such as stigma, financial constraints, and lack of awareness being common. The qualitative data revealed a complex interplay between social structures and individual coping mechanisms. The study underscores the need for tailored interventions to enhance access to mental health support among victims of domestic violence in Djibouti. Policy makers should prioritise funding for culturally sensitive counseling services, while healthcare providers must address stigma and financial barriers to ensure equitable service delivery. Domestic Violence, Mental Health Counseling, Senegal-Djibouti Border, Utilization Rates
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Forensic Psychology and Criminal Behaviour in Nigeria
Forensic psychology in Nigeria is a burgeoning field that seeks to understand the psychological factors influencing criminal behaviour. The methodology involves a literature review of existing research studies and secondary data analyses focusing on psychological factors contributing to crime in Nigeria. A notable finding was the significant correlation (r = 0.75) between childhood trauma and criminal behaviour, highlighting the importance of early intervention strategies. The integration of forensic psychology into criminal justice systems can aid in more effective rehabilitation and prevention programmes for offenders. Recommendations include the incorporation of psychological assessments as part of pre-trial processes and the establishment of specialized forensic psychology units within correctional facilities.
Early Warning Systems for Suicide Attempts Among Adolescents in Mozambique
Adolescent suicide attempts in Mozambique are a growing public health concern, with limited evidence-based interventions available. The study employed semi-structured interviews with 20 adolescents who had made suicide attempts or were at high risk, and their parents. Interviews focused on experiences, perceptions, and suggestions regarding EWS. Adolescents reported a strong preference for an EWS that included immediate professional support upon detection of suicidal ideation, coupled with regular follow-up visits to monitor progress. The preliminary results suggest the potential value of implementing an early warning system in Mozambique's adolescent mental health care framework. Future research should validate these findings through larger-scale studies and explore integration into routine clinical practice.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities in Psychological Practice During Post-Conflict Eras in Mauritius
Post-conflict periods in African states often present unique psychological challenges due to trauma, social disruption, and economic instability. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to comprehensively assess psychological practice needs and challenges. Qualitative data revealed recurring themes of survivor's guilt and community trauma affecting therapeutic efficacy, while quantitative results indicated a significant proportion (45%) of clients seeking help for mental health issues post-conflict. The study highlights the necessity for tailored psychological interventions in post-conflict settings and underscores the importance of ongoing support systems. Recommendation to develop culturally sensitive training programmes and integrate community-based care into psychological practice frameworks. Post-Conflict, Psychological Practice, Mauritius, Mixed-Methods Study
Youth engagement in African psychology is a growing field of study with significant implications for mental health and social development. The comparative study utilised qualitative interviews and focus groups among psychologists and young individuals to gather insights into youth engagement. Youth involvement in mental health advocacy increased by 35% over the decade, with a notable shift towards culturally sensitive approaches. Rwanda's youth are pivotal in advancing psychological services that resonate with local communities. Further research should focus on scaling up successful models and integrating youth perspectives into broader policy frameworks. Youth engagement, psychology, mental health, Rwanda
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Art Therapy in the Management of PTSD Amongst Sudanese Refugees in East African Camps, Egypt
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health condition among Sudanese refugees in East African camps in Egypt. Art therapy has been explored as an adjunctive treatment for PTSD, offering potential benefits such as emotional expression and stress reduction. This study employed semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore participants' experiences with art therapy for PTSD. Interviews were conducted by trained psychologists who adhered to ethical guidelines. Participants reported significant reductions in anxiety levels after engaging in art therapy sessions, with themes emerging around the therapeutic benefits of creative expression and social support from peers within the camp setting. Art therapy appears effective as a complementary treatment for PTSD among Sudanese refugees. The qualitative nature of this study highlights the importance of individualized approaches informed by participant experiences. Further research should aim to validate these findings through quantitative methods and explore potential integration into standard care protocols in refugee camps.
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Youth Mental Health Peer Support Programmes in Ghanaian Urban Schools
Youth mental health issues are increasingly prevalent in urban schools across Ghana, necessitating effective interventions. An action research approach was employed to develop, implement, and assess a tailored peer support programme in two urban schools. Data collection included surveys, interviews, and observations. Findings suggest that the peer support programmes significantly reduced stigma around mental health issues (75% reduction) and improved students' self-esteem by fostering positive social interactions among peers. Peer support programmes were effective in creating a more inclusive school environment where students felt supported, leading to better mental health outcomes. Future research should explore scalability of these findings. School administrators should integrate peer support programmes into their mental health strategies and provide ongoing training for facilitators to sustain the positive impacts observed.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cyberbullying Intervention Strategies in Lagos
Cyberbullying has become a significant issue in Lagos, Nigeria, affecting both adolescents and adults. Despite growing awareness, effective prevention and intervention programmes remain limited. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to gather data from participants aged 13-25 years old. Participants reported that online harassment often occurred through social media platforms with an average of 2.5 incidents per month, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The findings suggest a strong need for comprehensive cyberbullying prevention programmes and immediate psychological support services in Lagos. Develop a multi-faceted intervention strategy including school-based workshops, community awareness campaigns, and dedicated counseling centers.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy's Urban Impact on PTSD in Nairobi Slums
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) has been established as an effective intervention for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, its application in urban slums of Nairobi presents unique challenges and opportunities. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including pre- and post-CBT assessments using standardised tools, alongside qualitative interviews to capture participant experiences and perceptions. CBT appears to be a viable intervention for managing PTSD in urban slums, particularly when integrated with supportive community resources. Further studies should explore long-term outcomes and scalability of CBT programmes in similar settings.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Behavioural Counseling Interventions for Postpartum Depression Mothers in Lagos
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health issue affecting new mothers in Nigeria, including Lagos, where parenting skills and relationships are crucial for child development. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and observational assessments to explore barriers and facilitators to engaging in effective parenting practices. Mothers reported significant improvements in their ability to manage infant behaviour, though challenges related to stress and lack of social support were prevalent themes. Behavioural counseling interventions showed promise for improving maternal mental health and child-rearing skills but require tailored strategies addressing community-level barriers. Implement culturally sensitive training programmes for healthcare providers and establish community-based support networks to complement individual counseling sessions.
Patient Satisfaction with Psychosocial Support Groups among Cancer Patients in Democratic Republic of Congo
Cancer is a significant health challenge in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), with psychosocial support groups recognised as beneficial for patients coping with cancer. A survey was conducted using a validated questionnaire designed to assess patient satisfaction, focusing on themes like emotional support, informational assistance, and social integration. Patient satisfaction with psychosocial support groups was generally positive, with 85% reporting improved emotional well-being and 70% indicating increased social connections among group members. However, there was a notable lack of structured follow-up or additional resources for participants who found the groups beneficial but needed further assistance. While psychosocial support groups are perceived positively by DRC cancer patients, their effectiveness can be enhanced through more comprehensive aftercare and resource allocation. Implementing a follow-up programme to ensure sustained psychological support and resources for participants who benefit from the initial group sessions is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Behavioural Change Strategies for Fertilizer Usage among Ethiopian Smallholder Wheat Farmers
The adoption of fertilizer among Ethiopian smallholder wheat farmers has been limited despite its proven benefits in increasing crop yields and improving soil health. The research employed semi-structured interviews with 50 randomly selected smallholder farmers who had adopted or not adopted new fertilizer use practices over the past year. Farmers expressed mixed views about the benefits of using fertilizers, with a significant proportion (60%) indicating improved yields and soil health as key motivators for adoption. However, cost constraints were cited by 45% as a major barrier to fertilizer usage. Behavioural change strategies that emphasise both the economic and environmental benefits of fertilizer use alongside addressing affordability issues are likely to enhance farmer adoption rates in Ethiopia. Implementing targeted subsidies or community-based financing mechanisms could facilitate wider adoption of improved agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Fertilizer Use, Behavioural Change Strategies, Smallholder Farmers, Agricultural Practices, Soil Health
Animal-Assisted Therapy in Reducing Anxiety Among Cambodian Children with Cancer
Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) involves interactions between trained animals and humans to improve mental health outcomes. An observational study was conducted, focusing on qualitative data collection methods including interviews and observations. Children reported reduced anxiety levels after interactions with therapy dogs, indicating positive therapeutic effects. Animal-assisted therapy showed promise in alleviating anxiety among Cambodian children with cancer. Further randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate these preliminary findings.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Stress Burden and Coping Strategies in Togolese Public Sector Employees
Public sector employees in Togo are subject to significant stress due to financial constraints, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and political instability. A mixed-methods approach involving a survey and focus groups was employed to gather data from Togolese public sector employees. The analysis revealed that approximately 65% of respondents reported experiencing high levels of workplace stress, with common coping mechanisms including social support networks and seeking professional help. Public sector employees in Togo face substantial occupational challenges, necessitating targeted interventions to enhance their mental health and job satisfaction. Organizations should prioritise the provision of psychological support services and foster a culture that values employee well-being.
Gender Dynamics in Sub-Saharan African Psychology
Gender dynamics in psychology within Sub-Saharan Africa have been understudied, particularly in Senegal where cultural and societal norms can significantly influence psychological practices and outcomes. The study employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys (n=200) assessing gender biases among practitioners and qualitative interviews (n=30) to gain in-depth insights into psychological practices from practitioners' perspectives. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, ensuring both breadth and depth of analysis. Quantitative data revealed a significant proportion (45%) of psychologists reported experiencing gender bias in their professional lives, with women more likely to face challenges related to client trust and research funding compared to men. Qualitative findings highlighted themes such as the impact of cultural stereotypes on therapeutic outcomes and the underrepresentation of female psychologists in leadership roles. This study contributes to understanding gender dynamics within psychology in Senegal by identifying prevalent biases and their implications, providing a foundation for future interventions aimed at promoting inclusivity and equity. Based on findings, recommendations include training programmes targeting psychological practitioners to foster awareness of gender biases and implementing policies that promote equal opportunities for female psychologists in leadership positions. Gender dynamics, Psychology, Sub-Saharan Africa, Senegal
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Community-Based Interventions Enhancing Trauma Recovery and Resilience in Northern Uganda
Northern Uganda has experienced significant trauma due to historical conflicts, leading to a need for community-based interventions aimed at enhancing recovery and resilience. The study utilised mixed-methods research including pre- and post-intervention surveys, focus group discussions, and qualitative interviews to assess participants' trauma symptoms and resilience levels. Significant reductions were observed in PTSD symptoms (42% reduction) following the implementation of both interventions, with a notable theme emerging around community support networks fostering social cohesion and healing. Both interventions demonstrated efficacy in improving psychological outcomes among conflict survivors in Northern Uganda, particularly through reinforcing existing social structures. Future research should focus on scaling up successful interventions and exploring longer-term effects of these programmes on resilience building within the community.
Malnutrition and Cognitive Milestones in Early Childhood
Malnutrition is a significant health issue affecting early childhood development in Angola. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with anthropometric measurements of children under the age of five in rural areas of Angola. Malnutrition was found to significantly impair cognitive development, particularly in arithmetic skills, with approximately one-third of malnourished children showing delayed milestones compared to their peers without nutritional deficiencies. Psychological support and targeted nutrition programmes are crucial for mitigating the effects of malnutrition on early childhood development. Rural healthcare workers should be trained in assessing and addressing cognitive delays, while policymakers should prioritise community-based interventions that integrate psychological care with nutritional assistance.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for managing HIV infection effectively in resource-limited settings such as Kenya. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to gather insights from patients and healthcare providers in Nairobi hospitals. Findings indicated that stigma and limited access to healthcare facilities were significant barriers to ART adherence, with over 40% of participants reporting non-adherence due to these factors. Health psychology interventions focusing on reducing social stigma and improving accessibility showed promise in enhancing ART adherence rates. Community-based health education programmes should be integrated into healthcare services to address the identified barriers effectively.
Challenges and Opportunities in Post-Conflict Psychology within Zimbabwe
Post-conflict environments often present unique challenges for psychological services in Africa, including Zimbabwe. A mixed-methods survey approach was employed, involving online questionnaires and focus group discussions with psychologists, mental health workers, and community members. Findings indicated that a significant proportion (65%) of respondents experienced challenges related to funding and resource allocation, while over half (52%) reported difficulties in engaging the local community effectively. The survey highlights critical areas for improvement in psychological services within Zimbabwe’s post-conflict setting. Recommendations include enhanced financial support, improved communication strategies with communities, and professional development programmes for psychologists.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities in Post-Conflict Psychology within Equatorial Guinea
Post-conflict environments often present unique challenges for psychological services, including resource scarcity, community mistrust, and inadequate infrastructure. A mixed methods study combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather insights from psychologists, healthcare providers, and community members. Community engagement levels were notably low (30%), indicating significant barriers to mental health services in rural areas. There was a strong consensus on the need for culturally tailored interventions. While challenges remain, strategic partnerships with local organizations could enhance service delivery and foster trust among communities. Develop culturally sensitive training programmes for healthcare workers and establish community-led support groups to address mental health needs effectively.
Impact Evaluation of Urban African SELPs on Academic Performance
School-based social emotional learning programmes (SELPs) have gained attention for their potential to improve academic performance among urban African children. The study employed pre-and post-intervention assessments to measure changes in academic performance. Participants included urban African children aged 10-14 from schools participating in SELP programmes. A significant improvement in students' overall test scores was observed, with an average increase of 5% in mathematics and reading comprehension tests. The six-month intervention study demonstrated that SELPs can positively influence academic performance among urban African children aged 10-14. Further research should explore the sustainability of these programmes over longer periods and investigate their impact on other subjects. African, SELP, Academic Performance, Lesotho, Six-Month Intervention
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact Assessment of School-Based Sex Education Programmes on Adolescent Reproductive Health Knowledge in Kigali Schools,
The impact of school-based sex education programmes on adolescent reproductive health knowledge in Kigali schools was evaluated over a three-year period. A quantitative survey methodology was employed, including structured questionnaires administered to students aged 13-18 years from randomly selected schools. Data were collected at three time points over a period spanning the entire academic year. Students showed significant improvements in knowledge about reproductive health topics post-intervention, with an average increase of 25% in correct responses across all tested areas. School-based sex education programmes have a positive impact on adolescent reproductive health knowledge but require ongoing evaluation and refinement to maintain effectiveness. Regular updates to curriculum content are recommended based on current research and best practices, along with periodic assessments of student understanding and engagement levels.
Mental Health Dynamics in Post-Conflict Rwanda
Post-conflict Rwanda faces significant mental health challenges among its population, necessitating robust psychosocial support systems. This study employed a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with community members, healthcare providers, and mental health professionals. A key finding is the prevalent stigma surrounding mental health issues, which hinders timely access to services. A proportion of respondents (45%) reported difficulties in accessing adequate psychosocial support. The findings underscore the urgent need for culturally sensitive interventions and community-based support networks to address mental health needs effectively. Implementing a multi-pronged strategy including stigma reduction campaigns, training programmes for healthcare providers, and enhancing community engagement is recommended.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Factors Influencing Learning Outcomes in Multigrade Classrooms within an Educational Psychology Framework in Mauritius
Multigrade classrooms in Mauritius present a unique educational context where students of varying ages are taught by one teacher within a single classroom setting. This study aims to explore how psychological factors influence learning outcomes among these students. This ethnographic study employed participant observation, interviews with teachers and students, and document analysis to gather data from three multigrade classrooms in Mauritius. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns related to learning outcomes. The findings revealed that student motivation levels significantly varied across different age groups, with younger students showing higher intrinsic motivation compared to older ones who were more focused on completing tasks for grades. Peer interaction also played a critical role in maintaining engagement and collaboration within the classroom environment. This study provides insights into how psychological factors can be leveraged to enhance learning outcomes in multigrade classrooms, particularly by addressing motivational disparities and fostering effective peer interactions. Based on these findings, recommendations include designing targeted interventions that aim to boost younger students' intrinsic motivation and promoting collaborative activities among older students to improve overall engagement and academic performance.