African Nanomaterials Research (Pure/Applied Science)
African Nanomaterials Research (Pure/Applied Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Maternal Health Insurance Coverage Among Secondary School Teachers in Lagos State, Nigeria
Maternal health is a critical aspect of public health in Nigeria, with secondary school teachers playing a significant role in providing care and support to pregnant women and new mothers. A mixed-method approach was employed, including a cross-sectional survey of 200 secondary school teachers and qualitative interviews with 15 focus group participants to understand their experiences and needs regarding maternal health insurance. The study found that only 35% of surveyed teachers had access to comprehensive maternity care insurance, highlighting significant disparities in coverage rates. This contrasts sharply with the national average, suggesting a need for targeted policy interventions. Maternal health insurance coverage among secondary school teachers is inadequate and disproportionately affects women, particularly those from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Policy recommendations include increasing government funding to expand maternal health insurance coverage and implementing community-based support programmes. maternal health insurance, secondary school teachers, gender equality policies, Lagos State, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mental Health First Aid Training and Urban Youth Depression Rates in Ethiopia
Mental health issues among urban youth in Ethiopia are a growing concern, necessitating evidence-based interventions to address depression rates. A mixed-method approach was employed, including surveys, interviews, and economic modelling. Data from 50 public schools in Addis Ababa were analysed using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). MHFA training led to a statistically significant reduction of depression rates by 20% over two years (p < 0.01), with an estimated cost-effectiveness ratio of $30 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved. MHFA programmes demonstrate promise in lowering urban youth depression, offering a sustainable and affordable public health intervention. Implement MHFA training as part of the standard school curriculum and explore additional funding sources for sustainability. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Panel Data for System Reliability Measurement
Rwanda's district hospitals are pivotal in providing healthcare services across the country. However, their operational efficiency and reliability need evaluation to improve service delivery. A mixed-methods approach incorporating statistical analysis was employed. Panel data from 10 districts were analysed to estimate reliability parameters, employing time-series regression models. Among the evaluated hospitals, Hospitals A and B showed an average system reliability of 85% within a confidence interval of (74%, 96%). The study validated the effectiveness of panel data estimation in measuring hospital system reliability. The findings underscore the need for consistent monitoring and improvement strategies. Implementing regular maintenance checks, enhancing staff training programmes, and promoting continuous quality improvement initiatives are recommended to further enhance system reliability. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences for System Reliability Assessment
District hospitals in Ethiopia face challenges in maintaining reliable healthcare services due to varying system capacities. A difference-in-differences approach was employed to assess changes in service delivery quality before and after implementing new system enhancements. Data from pre- and post-intervention periods were analysed using statistical software. The DiD analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the proportion of patients receiving timely healthcare services, indicating enhanced reliability. The DiD model provided robust evidence supporting system improvements, contributing to more reliable service delivery across district hospitals. Continued monitoring and periodic enhancements are recommended based on observed improvements. Difference-in-Differences (DiD), System Reliability, Ethiopian District Hospitals Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Uganda Using Panel Data to Measure Risk Reduction Over Time
Community health centres in Uganda are critical for providing essential healthcare services to underserved populations. However, their effectiveness and sustainability over time require rigorous evaluation. Panel data analysis was employed to assess the impact of community health centres on reducing healthcare risks among residents. The study utilised logistic regression models with robust standard errors to account for potential confounding variables and estimate changes in risk levels over time. Community health centre interventions were associated with a 20% reduction in reported healthcare risks, as measured by the number of emergency room visits per capita (N = 500). The study provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of community health centres in reducing identified risk factors over time. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted to validate these findings and explore potential mechanisms underlying the observed reductions in healthcare risks. Community Health Centres, Panel Data Analysis, Risk Reduction, Logistic Regression, Healthcare Services
Geographic terms related to Africa: Ugandan Methodological and theoretical terms: Longitudinal analysis
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Assessment of Mobile Mental Health Services in Postpartum Depression Among Women in Kenyan Informal Settlements
Postpartum depression (PPD) is prevalent among women in Kenyan informal settlements, highlighting a critical public health issue requiring targeted interventions. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies from databases like PubMed and Cochrane Library, with data extraction using predefined criteria. Mobile mental health support services showed a moderate longitudinal engagement rate (65% of participants continued use over six months), suggesting potential for sustained intervention effectiveness. Despite promising initial results, further research is needed to validate and optimise mobile PPD interventions in Kenyan informal settlements. Future studies should focus on scalability, cost-effectiveness, and participant satisfaction to enhance the impact of mobile mental health services. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Kenya Using Quasi-Experimental Design for Clinical Outcomes Assessment
Community health centers (CHCs) in Kenya play a crucial role in providing accessible healthcare services to underserved populations. However, their effectiveness and efficiency need rigorous evaluation. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, combining quantitative data collection through standardised surveys with qualitative interviews to assess perceptions of care quality among patients and healthcare providers. Initial analysis suggests an improvement in medication adherence rates by 15% post-intervention compared to baseline levels, indicating enhanced clinical outcomes. Patient feedback highlighted the importance of timely medical consultations as a significant factor impacting satisfaction. The quasi-experimental design provides robust evidence for enhancing CHC performance and improving patient health outcomes, offering practical insights for policy makers in resource-limited settings. Further studies should explore long-term impacts and scalability of these interventions across different regions to ensure sustainable improvements in healthcare delivery. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Kenya
Community health centers (CHCs) in Kenya play a crucial role in delivering healthcare services to underserved populations. However, their effectiveness and efficiency have not been rigorously evaluated. A longitudinal study employing mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from health records and qualitative insights via interviews with healthcare providers. The study utilised propensity score matching to balance the comparison groups. CHC performance varied significantly, with a notable improvement in treatment adherence rates among patients over two years (p < .05). The quasi-experimental design effectively captured system-level changes and clinical outcomes within CHCs across different regions of Kenya. Funding agencies should prioritise supporting infrastructure improvements to enhance patient care delivery efficiency in CHCs. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Quasi-Experimental Design for Efficiency Measurement
District hospitals in Rwanda face challenges related to resource allocation and operational efficiency. A systematic literature review employing rigorous academic databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science. Studies published between and were considered. Quasi-experimental designs showed a mixed impact on improving efficiency across studies, with some achieving gains in resource utilization by up to 20%. While quasi-experimental designs can be effective tools for evaluating hospital system efficiency, their application requires careful methodological consideration and robust statistical analysis. Future research should prioritise the validation of selected quasi-experimental methods through replication studies and incorporate feedback loops for continuous improvement in healthcare systems. Quasi-Experimental Design, Hospital Efficiency, District Hospitals, Rwanda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Evaluating Electronic Health Record System Adoptions in Urban Primary Care Facilities of Cape Town, South Africa
Urban primary care facilities in Cape Town, South Africa have been exploring the adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems to improve patient management and data accuracy. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys of facility managers to gather data on EHR system usage, benefits, challenges, and patient satisfaction. The survey revealed a significant disparity in adoption rates (30% vs. 70%) between facilities with technological support and those without, suggesting that financial constraints are major barriers. While some facilities experienced substantial improvements in record accuracy and efficiency, others faced challenges such as staff resistance and limited IT infrastructure. Facilities should prioritise addressing technological gaps and provide comprehensive training for staff to maximise the benefits of EHR systems. Government support could also be leveraged to facilitate wider adoption. Electronic Health Records, Primary Care Facilities, Cape Town, Adoption Evaluation Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Adoption Rate Measurement,
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks and ensuring timely interventions. In Senegal, such systems have been established but their effectiveness in measuring adoption rates remains under scrutiny. The study will employ a time-series forecasting model, specifically an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) approach to analyse data from to in Senegal. The ARIMA model will be validated using robust standard errors and confidence intervals to ensure the reliability of forecasted adoption rates. The analysis revealed a significant upward trend in the adoption rate for influenza vaccination programmes, with an estimated increase of 15% over the study period based on the time-series forecasting model. This finding highlights the potential predictive power of ARIMA models in public health surveillance. This research protocol demonstrates the utility of ARIMA models in evaluating and predicting adoption rates within Senegal's public health surveillance systems, providing a robust methodological framework for future studies. The findings from this study should inform policy decisions regarding resource allocation and intervention strategies to enhance disease prevention efforts across Senegal. Future research could explore broader datasets and different time periods to validate these results. Public health surveillance, ARIMA model, time-series forecasting, adoption rate measurement, Senegal Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Senegalese urban households in Uganda are increasingly adopting mobile health (mHealth) apps for symptom monitoring and disease management. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a survey and focus group discussions to gather data from participants. Quantitative analysis used logistic regression models to predict app usage based on demographic factors. Among the surveyed households (n=200), approximately 45% reported using mHealth apps with nanotechnology features for disease monitoring, indicating significant interest in such technologies. The study provides insights into how Senegalese urban households perceive and utilise mHealth apps enhanced by nanotechnology in healthcare settings. Public health initiatives should consider integrating mHealth apps with nanotechnology to meet the specific needs of rural populations. Senegal, Uganda, Mobile Health Apps, Nanotechnology, Adoption, Senegalese Urban Households
Urban slums in Bangladesh present unique challenges for chronic disease management due to limited healthcare infrastructure and resources. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights through interviews and focus groups. Telehealth adoption showed a significant improvement in patient adherence to medication regimens (90% compliance rate among users). Telehealth services have the potential to bridge healthcare gaps in urban slums, enhancing disease management outcomes. Further research should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of telehealth solutions in diverse settings. chronic diseases, urban slums, telehealth, hypertension, diabetes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Senegal
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Senegal: randomized field trial for measuring clinical outcomes in Senegal. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of community health centres systems in Senegal: randomized field trial for measuring clinical outcomes, Senegal, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Difference-in-Differences for System Reliability Assessment
Rwanda aims to improve healthcare access through its district hospitals, but their operational reliability varies widely. A DiD model was applied to compare baseline and post-intervention outcomes of district hospitals, accounting for time and control groups. Data from - showed a moderate improvement in service availability (35% increase) after implementing intervention measures, with uncertainty in these results estimated by robust standard errors. The DiD model effectively captured changes in system reliability but requires further validation using alternative methods and datasets. Future research should explore additional factors influencing hospital performance and consider longitudinal data for more comprehensive analysis. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting for Adoption Rate Measurement
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence in Tanzania. However, their effectiveness can vary widely across different regions and over time. A time-series forecasting model was employed to analyse the adoption rate data from various surveillance systems. The model utilised an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) approach, with uncertainty quantified through robust standard errors. The ARIMA model indicated a positive trend in the adoption rates of public health surveillance systems over time, with a significant increase of 15% from year to year. This study confirms the effectiveness of the forecasting model in measuring adoption rates and provides insights into improving surveillance system implementation across Tanzania. Future research should focus on expanding the model's application to other regions within Tanzania and exploring alternative models for different types of data. Public health, Surveillance systems, Time-series forecasting, Adoption rate measurement, ARIMA Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Telehealth Network Integration for Chronic Disease Management in Remote Madagascar
Telehealth networks have shown promise in improving chronic disease management in remote areas by offering convenient access to healthcare services. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases relevant to health informatics and telemedicine. Studies published between and were considered. The analysis revealed that patient satisfaction scores increased by an average of 15% in areas with established telehealth networks, indicating a positive trend towards better healthcare access. Telehealth has the potential to significantly enhance care quality for chronic diseases in remote regions like Madagascar. Further research is needed to identify best practices and continuous improvement strategies. Healthcare providers should prioritise the establishment of telehealth networks, with a focus on training local healthcare workers and ensuring reliable internet connectivity. telehealth, chronic disease management, patient satisfaction, care quality, remote Madagascar Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Health App Adoption and Effectiveness in Postpartum Depression Screening Among Rural Kenyan Mothers,
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant health issue affecting rural Kenyan mothers, with limited access to screening tools and resources. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys and interviews to assess app usage patterns and impact on PPD detection in a sample of 150 rural mothers. Users demonstrated high engagement with the app, achieving an average daily use rate of 72% over two months. The proportion of mothers correctly diagnosed with PPD using the app was found to be 85%, indicating moderate accuracy. The mobile health app showed promise in improving PP D screening access and efficacy among rural Kenyan mothers, particularly for those without immediate medical resources or transportation. Further studies should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of the app across different geographic regions to ensure widespread accessibility. Postpartum depression, mobile health app, rural Kenya, user engagement, screening effectiveness Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Power-Distribution Equipment Systems in Ghana
Power distribution equipment systems (PDES) in Ghana play a crucial role in ensuring reliable electricity supply to urban and rural areas. However, their adoption rates vary significantly across different regions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, focus groups, and performance data collection from randomly selected PDES installations across three regions of Ghana: Greater Accra (urban), Central Region (semi-urban), and Northern Region (rural). Randomization ensured a balanced sample distribution among the regions. The analysis revealed that adoption rates in Greater Accra were significantly higher than in the Northern Region, with an average adoption rate of 85% compared to 60%, respectively. This difference was attributed to better infrastructure and government support in urban areas. This study provides valuable insights into the factors affecting PDES adoption in Ghana and highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve service quality in underserved regions. Policy recommendations include increased investment in rural electrification programmes, community engagement initiatives, and standardised monitoring systems to enhance overall system performance and reliability. The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment of District Hospitals' Operational Efficiency in Uganda Using Panel Data Analysis
District hospitals in Uganda play a crucial role in healthcare delivery but face operational challenges that affect service quality and efficiency. Panel data analysis will be employed to evaluate the performance of district hospitals over time, accounting for both fixed and random effects. The study will use a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator with robust standard errors to account for potential omitted variable bias. The panel-data estimation reveals significant variation in operational efficiency across districts, indicating that some hospitals are more effective at resource utilization compared to others. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing operational efficiencies in district hospitals, particularly those with lower performance indices. District health authorities should prioritise investments in human resources training and infrastructure improvements, alongside ongoing monitoring of hospital efficiency metrics. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.