Environmental justice movements have emerged in resource-rich African nations as a response to the exploitation of natural resources by local communities and governments. In Egypt, these movements often focus on issues such as water scarcity and pollution caused by industrial activities. Theoretical synthesis will be employed to analyse existing literature and case studies from Egypt. A thematic analysis approach will be used to categorize the identified themes related to environmental justice movements. The theoretical framework developed will contribute to a deeper understanding of environmental justice movements by highlighting the interplay between resource exploitation and community resistance. This insight can inform policy reforms aimed at promoting sustainable development. Policy-makers should consider the rights of local communities in natural resource management policies, while also addressing industrial pollution and water scarcity issues through targeted interventions.